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THE 
PILGRIM'S PEOGRESS 




AS I SLEPT, I DREAMED A DREAM. 



THE 

PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 



BY 

JOHN BUNYAN 



WITH ILLUSTRATIONS IN COLORS 



f^j 



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NEW YORK 

GILBERT II. McKIBBm 

MDCCCXCIX 



TWO COJPlfiS r>t,*^£lVEn, 

L lb r ■■ -^ 

Register of Co'pyrlghta. 

-P|?3330 
.A> 
51951 I? 11 



Copyright, iSgg, 
Bv G. H. McKIBBIN 






Printed by the Manhattan Press^ tk "^r^, 

^7V ;r. Broadivay, New York cJVATO >- \i . J ^^ 



THE AUTHOR'S APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 



When at the first I took my pen in hand, 
Thus for to write, I did not understand 
That I at all should make a little book 
lu such a mode ; nay, I had undertook 
To make another ; which, when almost done, 
Before I was aware, I this begun. 

And thus it was : I, writing of the way 
And race of saints in this our gospel-day. 
Fell suddenly into an allegory 
About their journey and the way to glory. 
In more than twenty things, which I set down : 
This done, I twenty more had in my crown ; 
And they again began to multiply, 
Like sparks that from the coals of fire do fiy. 
Nay, tlien, thought I, if that you breed so fast, 
I'll put you by yourselves, lest you at last 
Should prove ad infinitum^ and eat out 
The book that I already am about. 

Well, so I did ; but yet I did not think 
To show to all the world my pen and ink 
In such a mode ; I only thought to make 
I knew not what ; nor did I undertake 
Thereby to please my neighbor ; no, not I ; 
I did it mine own self to gratify. 

Neither did I but vacant seasons spend 
In thi_s my scribble ; nor did I intend 
•But to di'vei't myself, in doing this, 
From worser thoughts, which make me do amiss. 



8 AUTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 

Thus I set pen to paper with delight, 
And quickly had my thoughts in black and white. 
For having now my method by the end, 
Still as I pull'd, it came ; and so I penn'd 
It down ; until at last it came to be. 
For length and breadth, the bigness which you see. 

Well, when I had thus put my ends together, 
I showed them others, that I might see whether 
They would condemn them, or them justify ; 
And some said. Let them live ; some. Let them die. 
Some said, John, print it ; others said. Not so : 
Some said, It might do good ; others said, No. 

Now was I in a strait, and did not see 
Which was the best thing to be done by me : 
At last I thought, Since you are thus divided, 
I print it will ; and so the case decided. 

For, thought I, some I see would have it done, 
Though others in that channel do not run : 
To prove, then, who advised for the best, 
Thus I thought fit to put it to the test. 

I further thought, if now I did deny 
Those that would have it thus to gratify, 
I did not know, but hinder them I might 
Of that which would to them be great delight : 
For those which were not for its coming forth, 
I said to them. Offend you I am loath ; 
Yet, since your brethren pleased with it be, 
Forbear to judge, till you do further see. 

If that thou wilt not read, let it alone ; 
Some love the meat, some love to pick the bone ; 
Yea, that I might them better moderate, 
J. did too with them thus expostulate : 

May I not write in such a style as this? 
In such a method, too, and yet not miss 
My end, thy good? Why may it not be done? 
Dark clouds bring waters, when the bright bring none. 



dUTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 9 

Yea, dark or bright, if they their silver drops 
Cause to descend, the earth, by yielding crops, 
Gives praise to both, and carpeth not at either, 
But treasures up the fruit they yield together ; 
Yea, so commixes both, that in their fruit 
None can distinguish this from that ; they suit 
Her well when hungry ; but if she be full. 
She spews out both, and makes their blessing null. 

You see the ways the fisherman doth take 
To catch the fish ; what engines doth he make. 
Behold ! how he engageth all his wits ; 
Also his snares, lines, angles, hooks, and nets: 
Yet fish there be that neither hook nor line. 
Nor snare, nor net, nor engine, can make thine : 
They must be groped for, and be tickled too. 
Or they will not be catch'd, whate'er you do. 
How does the fowler seek to catch his game? 
By divers means, all which one cannot name: 
His guns, his nets, his lime-twigs, light, and bell; 
He creeps, he goes, he stands ; yea, who can tell 
Of all his postures? Yet there's none of these 
Will make him master of what fowls he please. 
Yea, he must pipe and whistle to catch this, 
Yet, if he does so, that bird he will miss. 

If that a pearl may in a toad's head dwell, 
And may be found, too, in an oyster shell : 
If things that promise nothing do contain 
What better is than gold, who will disdain, 
That have an inkling of it there to look, 
That they may find it? Now, my little book 
(Though void of all these paintings that may make 
It with this or the other man to take) 
Is not without those things that do excel 
What do in brave but empty notions dwell. 

Well, yet I am not fully satisfied, 
That this your book will stand when soundly tried. 

Why, what's the matter? It is dark ! What though? 
But it is feigned. What of that, I trow? 



10 AUTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 

Some men, by feigned words, as dark as mine, 
Make truth to spangle, and its rays to shine ! 
But they want solidness. Speak, man, tliy mind 1 
They drown the weak ; metaphors make us blind. 

Solidity, indeed, becomes the pen 
Of him that writeth things divine to men: 
But must I needs want solidness, because 
By metaphors I speak? Were not God's laws, 
His gospel laws, in olden time held forth 
By shadows, types, and metaphors? Yet loath 
Will any sober man be to find fault 
With them, lest he be found for to assault 
The Highest Wisdom. No ; he rather stoops, 
And seeks to find out what by pins and loops, 
By calves and sheep, by heifers and by rams, 
By birds and herbs, and by the blood of lambs 
God speaketh to him ; and happy is he 
That finds the light and grace that in them be. 

Be not too forward, therefore, to conclude 
That I want solidness, that I am rude : 
All things solid in show, not solid be : 
All things in parable despise not we. 
Lest things most hui'tful lightly we receive. 
And things that good are, of our souls bereave. 
My dark and cloudy words, they do but hold 
The truth, as cabinets enclose the gold. 

The prophets used much by metaphors 
To set forth truth ; yea whoso considers 
Christ, His apostles too, shall plainly see 
The truths to this day in such mantles be. 

Am I afraid to say that Holy Writ. 
Which for its style and phrase puts down all wit, 
Is everywhere so full of all these things — 
Dark figures, allegories — yet there springs 
From that same book that lustre, and those I'ays 
Of light, that turn our darkest nights to days? 



AUTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 11 

Come, let my carper to his life now look, 
And find there darker lines than in my book 
He findeth any ; yea, and let him know, 
That in his best things there are worse lines too. 

May we but stand before impartial men, 
To his poor one I dare adventure ten 
That they will take my meaning in these lines 
Far better than his lies in silver shrines. 
Come, Truth, although in swaddling-clouts I find. 
Informs the judgment, rectifies the mind ; 
Pleases the understanding, makes the will 
Submit; the memory, too, it doth fill 
With what both our imagination please ; 
Likewise it tends our troubles to appease. 

Sound words, I know, Timothy is to use, 
And old wives' fables he is to refuse ; 
But yet grave Paul him nowhere did forbid 
The use of parables, in which lay hid 
That gold, those pearls, and precious stones that were 
Worth digging for, and that with greatest care. 

Let me add one word more : Oh, man of God ! 
Art thou offended? l^ost thou wish I had 
Put forth my matter in another dress? 
Or that I had in things been more express? 
To those that are my betters, as is fit. 
Three things let me propound, then I submit: 

1. I find not that I am denied the use 
Of this my method, so I no abuse 
Put on the words, things, readers, or be rude 
In handling figure or similitude 
In application ; but all that I may 
Seek the advance of truth, this or that way. 
Denied, did I say? Nay, I have leave 
(ICxamples too, and that from them that have 
God better pleased, by their words or ways, 
Than any man that breatheth nowadays) 
Thus to express my nund, thus to declare 
Things unto thee that excellentest are. 



12 AUTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 

2. I find that men (as high as trees) will •write 
Dialogue-wise ; yet no man doth them slight 
For writing so ; indeed, if they abuse 

Truth, cursed be they, and the craft they use 
To that intent ; but yet let truth be free 
To make her sallies upon thee and me, 
Which way it pleases God ; for who knows how 
Better than He that taught us first to plough. 
To guide our minds and pens for His design? 
And He makes base things usher in Divine. 

3. I find that Holy Writ, in many places, 
Hath semblance with this method, where the cases 
Do call for one thing to set forth another : 

Use it I may then, and yet nothing smother 
Truth's golden beams : nay, by this method may 
Make it cast forth its rays as light as day. 

And now, before I do put up my pen, 
I'll show the profit of my book, and then 
Commit both me and it unto that Hand 
That pulls the strong down, and makes weak ones stand. 

This book, it chalketh out before thine eyes 
The man that seeks the everlasting prize : 
It shows you whence he comes, whither he goes ; 
What he leaves undone ; also what he does ; 
It also shows you how he runs and runs, 
Till he unto the Gate of Glory comes. 
It shows, too, who set out for life amain. 
As if the lasting crown they would obtain. 
Here also you may see the reason why 
They lose their labor, and like fools do die. 

This book will make a traveller of thee, 
If by its counsel thou wilt ruled be ; 
It will direct thee to the Holy Land, 
If thou wilt its direction understand ; 
Yea, it will make the slothful active be ; 
The blind also delightful things to see. 



AUTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 13 

Art thou for something rare and profitable, 
Or wouldst thou see a truth within a fable? 
Art thou forgetful? Wouldst thou remember 
From New-year's day to the last of December? 
Then read my fancies ; they will stick like burs 
And may be to the helpless comforters. 

This book is writ in such a dialect 
As may the minds of listless men affect ; 
It seems a novelty, and yet contains 
Nothing but sound and honest gospel strains. 

Wouldst thou divert thyself from melancholy? 
Wouldst thou be pleasant, yet be far from folly? 
Wouldst thou read riddles and their explanation, 
Or else be drowned in thy contemplation? 
Dost thou love picking meat? Or wouldst thou see 
A man i' the clouds, and hear him speak to thee? 
Wouldst thou be in a dream and yet not sleep? 
Or wouldst thou in a moment laugh and weep? 
Wouldst thou lose thyself and catch no harm. 
And find thyself again without a charm? 
Wouldst read thyself, and read thou knowest not what. 
And yet know whether thou art blest or not. 
By reading the same lines? Oh, then, come hither, 
And lay my book, thy head, and heart together. 

John Buntan. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

As I walked through the wilderness of this world, 
I lighted on a certain place where was a Den, and 
I laid me down in that place to sleep; and, as I 
slept, I dreamed a dream. I dreamed, and behold, 
I saw a man clothed with rags, standing in a cer- 
tain place, with his face from his own house, a book 
in his hand, and a great burden upon his back. I 
looked, and saw him open the book, and read therein ; 
and, as he read, he wept, and trembled; and, not 
being able longer to contain, bo brake out with a 
cry, saying, " What shall I do ? " 

In this plight, therefore, he went home and re- 
frained himself as long as he could, that his wife 
and children should not perceive his distress ; but 
he could not be silent long, because his trouble in- 
creased. Wherefore he brake his mind to his wife 
and children ; and thus said to them : O my dear 
wife, and you my children, I, your dear friend, am 
in myself undone by reason of a burden that lieth 
hard upon me; moreover, lam for certain informed 
that this our city will be burned with fire from 
heaven ; in which fearful overthrow, both myself, 
with thee, my wife, and you, my sweet babes, shall 



16 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

miserably come to ruin, except (the which yet I soe 
not) some way of escape can be found, whereby we 
may be deHvered. At this his relations were sore 
amazed ; not for that they believed that what he 
said to them was true, but because they thought 
that some distemper had got into his head ; there- 
fore, it drawing towards night, and they hoping 
that sleep might settle his brain, with all haste they 
got him to bed. But the night was as troublesome 
to him as the day ; and, instead of sleeping, he 
spent it in sighs and tears. So, when the morning 
was come, they would know how he did. He told 
them. Worse and worse: he also set to talking to 
them again; but they began to be hardened. They 
also thought to drive away his distemper by harsh 
and surly carriages to him ; sometimes they would 
deride, sometimes they would chide, and sometimes 
they would quite neglect him. Wherefore he be- 
gan to retire himself to his chamber, to pray for 
and pity them, and also to condole his own misery ; 
he would also walk solitarily in the fields, some- 
times reading, and sometimes praying: and thus 
for some days he spent his time. 

Now, I saw, upon a time, when he was walking 
in the fields, that he was, as he was wont, reading 
in his book, and greatly distressed in his mind; and, 
as he read, he burst out, as he had done before, 
crying, " What shall I do to be saved? " 

I saw also that he looked this way and that way, 
as if he would run ; yet he stood still, because, as I 
perceived, he could not tell which way to go. 






■^ 







A MAN CLOTHED WITH RAGS. 



18 THE PILGRIM'S PBOGRESS. 

I looked then, and saw a man named Evangelist 
coming to him, who asked, Wherefore dost thou cr}^? 

He answered, Sir, I perceive by the book in my 
hand, that I am condemned to die, and after that 
to come to judgment, and I find that I am not will- 
ing to do the first, nor able to do the second. 

Evangelist. Why not willing to die, since this 
life is attended with so many evils? The man an- 
swered, Because I fear that this burden that is upon 
my back will sink me lower than the grave, and I 
shall fall into Tophet. And, Sir, if I be not fit to 
go to prison, I am not fit, I am sure, to go to judg- 
ment, and from thence to execution; and the 
thoughts of these things make me cry. 

Evangelist. If this be thy condition, why 
standest thou still? He answered, Because I know 
not whither to go. Then he gave him a parchment 
roll, and there was written within, "Flee from the 
wrath to come." 

The man read it, and looking upon Evangelist 
very carefully, said, Whither must I fly? Then 
said Evangelist, pointing with his finger over a very 
wide field, Do you see yonder wicket-gate? The 
man said. No. Then said the other, Do you see 
yonder shining light? He said, I think I do. Then 
said Evangelist, Keep that light in your eye, and 
go up thereto; so shalt thou see the gate; at which, 
when thou knockest, it shall be told thee what thou 
shalt do. So I saw in my dream that the man be- 
gan .to run. Now, he had not run far from his own 
door, but his wife and children, perceiving it, began 



THE PlLGRUrS PROGRESS. 19 

to cry after him to return ; but the man put his 
fingers in his ears, and ran on, crying, Life ! hfe ! 
eternal life ! So ho looked not behind him, but fled 
towards the middle of the plain. 

The neighbors also came out to see him run ; and, 
as he ran, some mocked, others threatened, and 
some cried after him to return ; and, among those 
that did so, there were two that resolved to fetch 
him back by force. The name of the one was Ob- 
stinate, and the name of the other Pliable. Now, 
by this time, the man was got a good distance from 
them ; but, however, they were resolved to pursue 
him, which they did, and in a little time they over- 
took him. Then said the man. Neighbors, where- 
fore are ye come? They said. To persuade you to 
go back with us. But he said, That can by no 
means be; you dwell, said he, in the City of De- 
struction, the place also where I was born: I see it 
to be so; and, dying there, sooner or later, you will 
sink lower than the grave, into a place that burns 
with fire and brimstone; be content, good neigh- 
bors, and go along with me. 

Obstinate. What! and leave our friends and 
our comforts behind us? 

Yes, said Christian, for that was his name, be- 
cause that ALL which you shall forsake is not worthy 
to be compared with a little of that which I am 
seeking to enjoy, and if you will go along with me, 
and hold it, you shall fare as I myself; for there 
where I go is enough and to spare. Come away, 
and prove my words. 



20 TEE PILGBBI'S PROGRESS. 

Obstinate. What are the things you seek, since 
you leave all the v/orld to find them? 

Christian. I seek an inheritance incorruptible, 
undefiled, and that fadeth not away, and it is laid 
up in heaven, and safe there to be bestowed, at the 
time appointed, on them that diligently seek it. 
Eead it so, if you will, in my book. 

Obstinate. Tush ! away with your book ; will 
you go back with us or no? 

Christian. No, not I, because I have laid my 
hand to the plough. 

Obstinate. Come, then, neighbor Pliable, let us 
turn again, and go home without him ; there is a 
company of these crazy-headed coxcombs, that, 
when they take a fancy by the end, are wiser in 
their own eyes than seven men that can render a 
reason. 

Pliable. Don't revile ; if what the good Christian 
says is true, the things he looks after are better 
than ours ; my heart inclines to go with my neigh- 
bor. 

Obstinate. What ! more fools still ! Be ruled by 
me, and go back; who knows whither such a brain- 
sick fellow will lead you? Go back, go back, and 
be wise. 

Christian. Nay, but do thou come with thy 
neighbor Pliable ; there are such things to be had 
which I spoke of, and many more glories besides. 
If you believe not me, read here in this book; and 
for the truth of what is expressed therein, behold, 
all is confirmed by the blood of him that made it. 



TEE PlLGRBl'S PROGRESS. 21 

Pliable. Well, neighbor Obstinate, I begin to 
come to a point ; I intend to go along with this good 
man, and to cast in my lot with him : but, my good 
companion, do you know the way to this desired 
place? 

Christian. I am directed by a man, whose name 
is Evangelist, to speed me to a little gate that is 
before us, where we shall receive instructions about 
the way. 

Pliable. Come, then, good neighbor, let us be 
going. Then they went both together. 

Obstinate. And I will go back to my place ; I 
will be no companion of such misled fellows. 

Now, I saw in my dream that, when Obstinate 
was gone back, Christian and Pliable went talking 
over the plain ; and thus they began their discourse. 

Christian. Neighbor Pliable, I am glad you are 
persuaded to go along with me. Had Obstinate 
but felt what I have felt of the powers and terrors 
of what is yet unseen, he would not thus lightly 
have given us the back. 

Pliable. Come, neighbor Christian, since there 
are none but us two here, tell me now, further what 
the things are, and how to be enjoyed, whither we 
are going. 

Christian. I can better conceive of them with 
my mind, than speak of them with my tongue; but 
yet, since you are desirous to know, I will read of 
them in my book. 

Pliable. And do you think that the words of 
your book are certainly true? 



22 TEE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Christian. Yes, verily; for it was made by him 
that cannot He. 

Pliable. Well said ; what things are they ? 

Christian. There is an endless kingdom to be 
inhabited, and everlasting life to be given us, that 
we may inhabit that kingdom forever. 

Pliable. Well said; and what else? 

Christian. There are crowns of glory to be given 
ns, and garments that will make us shine like the 
sun in the firmament of heaven. 

Pliable. This is very pleasant; and what else? 

Christian. There shall be no more crying, nor 
sorrow: for he that is owner of the place will wipe 
all tears from our eyes. 

Pliable. And what company shall we have 
there? 

Christian. There we shall be with seraphims and 
cherubims, creatures that will dazzle your eyes to 
look on them. There also you shall meet with 
thousands and ten thousands that have gone before 
us to that place; none of them are hurtful, but 
loving and holy ; every one walking in the sight of 
God, and standing in his presence with acceptance 
forever. In a word, there we shall see the elders 
with their golden crowns; there we shall see the 
holy virgins with their golden harps ; there w^e shall 
see men that by the world were cut in pieces, burnt 
in flames, eaten of beasts, drowned in the seas, for 
the love that they bare to the Lord of the place, all 
clothed with immortality as with a garment. 

Pliable. The hearing of this is enough to ravish 



THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 23 

one's heart. But are these things to be enjoyed? 
How shall we get to be sharers thereof? 

Christian. The Lord, the Governor of the coun- 
try, hath recorded that in this book; the substance 
of which is, If we be truly willing to have it, he 
will bestow it upon us freely. 

Pliable. Well, glad am I to hear of these things : 
come on, let us mend our pace. 

Christian. I cannot go so fast as I would, by 
reason of this burden that is on my back. 

Now, I saw in my dream, that just as they had 
ended this talk they drew near to a very miry 
slough, that v/as in the midst of the plain ; and 
they, being heedless, did both fall suddenly into the 
bog. The name of the slough was Despond. Here, 
therefore, they wallowed for a time, being griev- 
ously bedaubed with dirt; and Christian, because 
of the burden that was on his back, began to sink 
in the mire. 

Pliable. Neighbor Christian, where are you 
now? 

Christian. Truly, I do not know. 

At this Pliable began to be offended, and angrily 
said to his fellow, Is this the happiness you have 
told me all this while of? If we have such ill 
speed at our first setting out, what may we expect 
betwixt this and our journey's end? May I get 
out again with my life, you shall possess the brave 
country alone for me. And, with that, he gave a 
desperate struggle or two, and got out of the mire 
on that side of the slough which was next to his 



24 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

own house : so away he went, and Christian saw 
him no more. 

Wherefore Christian was left to tumble in the 
Slough of Despond alone: but still he endeavored 
to struggle to that side of the slough that was still 
further from his own house, and next to the wicket- 
gate; the which he did, but could not get out be- 
cause of the burden that was upon his back : but I 
beheld in my dream that a man came to him, whose 
name was Help, and asked him, What he did there? 

Christian. Sir, I was bid go this way by a man 
called Evangelist, who directed me also to yonder 
gate, that I might escape the wrath to come ; and 
as I was going thither I fell in here. 

Help. But why did not you look for the steps ? 

Christian. Fear followed me so hard that I fled 
the next way, and fell in. 

Help. Give me thy hand : so he gave him his 
hand, and he drew him out, and set him upon 
sound ground, and bid him go on his way. 

Then I stepped to him that plucked him out, and 
said, Sir, wherefore, since over this place is the way 
from the City of Destruction to yonder gate, is it 
that this plat is not mended, that poor travellers 
might go thither with more security? And he said 
unto me. This miry slough is such a place as cannot 
be mended ; it is the descent whither the scum and 
filth that attends conviction for sin doth continu- 
ally run, and therefore it is called the Slough of 
Despond ; for still, as the sinner is awakened about 
his lost condition, there ariseth in his soul many 




HE BRAKE HIS MIND TO HIS WIFE AND CHILDREN. 



26 THE PlLGRUl'S PROGRESS. 

fears, and doubts and discouraging apprehensions, 
which all of them get together, and settle in this 
place. And this is the reason of the badness of 
this ground. 

It is not the pleasure of the King that this place 
should remain so bad. His laborers also have, by 
the direction of His Majesty's surveyors, been for 
above these sixteen hundred years employed about 
this patch of ground, if perhaps it might have been 
mended : yea, and to my knowledge, said he, here 
have been swallowed up at least twenty thousand 
cartloads, yea, millions of wholesome instructions, 
that have at all seasons been brought from all places 
of the King's dominions, and they that can tell, say 
they are the best materials to make good ground of 
the place, if so be it might have been mended ; but 
it is the Slough of Despond still, and so will be 
when they have done what they can. 

True, there are, by the direction of the Lawgiver, 
certain good and substantial steps, placed even 
through the very midst of this slough ; but at such 
time as this place doth much spew out its filth, as it 
doth against change of weather, these steps are 
hardly seen ; or, if they be, men, through the dizzi- 
ness of their heads, step beside, and then they are 
bemired to purpose, notwithstanding the steps be 
there; but the ground is good when they are once 
got in at the gate. 

Now, I saw in my dream, that by this time Pli- 
able was got home to his house again, so that his 
neighbors came to visit him ; and some of them 



THE PILGRUI'S PROGRESS. 27 

called him wise man for coming back, and some 
called him fool for hazarding himself with Chris- 
tian : others again did mock at his cowardliness ; 
saying, Surely, since you began to venture, I would 
not have been so base to have given out for a few 
difficulties. So Pliable sat sneaking among them. 
But at last he got more confidence, and then they 
all turned their tales, and began to deride poor 
Christian behind his back. And thus much con- 
cerning Pliable. 

Now, as Christian was walking by himself, he 
espied one afar off, come crossing over the field to 
meet him ; and their hap was to meet just as they 
were crossing the way of each other. The gentle- 
man's name that met him was Worldly Wiseman; 
he dwelt in the town of Carnal Policy, a very great 
town, and also hard-by, from whence Christian 
came. This man, then, meeting with Christian, 
and having an inkling of him, — for Christian's set- 
ting forth from the City of Destruction was much 
noised abroad, not only in the town where he dwelt, 
but, also it began to be the town talk in some other 
places, — Worldly Wiseman, therefore, having some 
guess of him, by beholding his laborious going, by 
observing his sighs and groans, and the like, began 
thus to enter into some talk with Christian. 

Worldly. How now, good fellow, whither away 
after this burdened manner? 

Christian. A burdened manner, indeed, as ever, 
I think, poor creature had ! And whereas you ask 
me. Whither away? I tell 3"ou, Sir, I am going to 



28 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

yonder wicket-gate before me ; for there, as I am 
informed, I shall be put into a way to get rid of 
my heavy burden. 

Worldly. Hast thou a wife and children? 

Christian. Yes; but I am so laden with this 
burden, that I cannot take that pleasure in them 
as formerly; methinks I am as if I had none. 

Worldly. Wilt thou hearken unto me if I give 
thee counsel? 

Christian. If it be good, I will ; for I stand in 
need of good counsel. 

Worldly. I would advise thee, then, that thou 
with all speed get thyself rid of thy burden ; for 
thou wilt never be settled in thy mind till then; 
nor canst thou enjoy the benefits of the blessing 
which God has bestowed upon thee till then. 

Christian. That is that which I seek for, even 
to be rid of this heavy burden ; but get it off my- 
self, I cannot ; nor is there any man in our country 
that can take it off my shoulders; therefore am I 
going this way, as I told you, that I may be rid of 
my burden. 

Worldly. Who bid thee go this way to be rid of 
thy burden? 

Christian. A man that appeared to me to be a 
very great and honorable person ; his name, as I 
remember, is Evangelist. 

Worldly. I beshrew him for his counsel ! there 
is not a more dangerous and troublesome way in 
the world than is that unto which he hath directed 
thee ; and that thou shalt find, if thou wilt be ruled 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 29 

by his counsel. Thou hast met with something, as 
I perceive already ; for I see the dirt of the Slough 
of Despond is upon thee ; but that slough is the be- 
ginning of the sorrows that do attend those that go 
on in that way. Hear me, I am older than thou ; 
thou art like to meet with, in the way which thou 
goest, wearisomeness, painfulness, hunger, perils, 
nakedness, sword, lions, dragons, darkness, and, in 
a word, death, and what not ! These things are 
certainly true, having been confirmed by many 
testimonies. And why should a man so carelessly 
cast away himself, by giving heed to a stranger? 

Christian. Why, Sir, this burden upon my back 
is more terrible to me than are all these things 
which you have mentioned; nay, methinks I care 
not what I meet with in the way, if so be I can also 
meet with deliverance from my burden. 

Worldly. How camest thou by the burden at 
first? 

Christian. By reading this book in my hand. 

Worldly, I thought so ; and it is happened unto 
thee as to other weak men, who, meddling with 
things too high for them, do suddenly fall into thy 
distractions; which not only unman men, as thine, 
I perceive, has done thee, but they run them upon 
desperate ventures to obtain they know not what. 

Christian. I know what I would obtain ; it is 
ease for my heavy burden. 

Worldly. But why wilt thou seek for ease this 
way, seeing so many dangers attend it? especially 
since, hadst thou but patience to hear me, I could 



30 TEE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

direct thee to the obtaining of what thou desirest, 
without the dangers that thou in this way wilt run 
thyself into; yea, and the remedy is at hand. Be- 
sides, I will add, that, instead of those dangers, 
thou shalt meet with much safety, friendship, and 
content. 

Christian. Pray, Sir, open this secret to me. 

Worldly. Why, in yonder village — the village 
is named Morality — there dwells a gentleman whose 
name is Legality, a very judicious man, and a man 
of a very good name, that has skill to help men off 
with such burdens as thine are from their shoul- 
ders: yea, to my knowledge, he hath done a great 
deal of good this way ; ay, and besides, he hath 
skill to cure those that are somewhat crazed in their 
wits with their burdens. To him, thou may est go, 
and be helped presently. His house is not quite a 
mile from this place, and if he should not be at 
home himself, he hath a pretty young naan to his 
son, whose name is Civility, that can do it as well 
as the old gentleman himself; there, I say, thou 
mayest be eased of thy burden ; and if thou art not 
minded to go back to thy former habitation, as, in- 
deed, I would not wish thee, thou mayest send for 
thy wife and children to thee to this village, where 
there are houses now stand empty, one of which 
thou mayest have at reasonable rates ; provision is 
there also cheap and good ; and that which will 
make thy life the more happy is, to be sure, there 
thou shalt live by honest neighbors, in credit and 
good fashion. 



THE FILGBIJI'S PROGRESS. 31 

Now was Christian somewhat at a stand; but 
presently he concluded, If this be true, which this 
gentleman hath said, my wisest course is to take 
his advice; and with that he spoke, Sir, which is 
my way to this honest man's house? 

Worldly. Do you see yonder hill? By that hill 
you must go, and the first house you come at is 
his. 

So Christian turned out of his way to go to 
Legality's house for help; but, behold, when he 
\Was got now hard-by the hill, it seemed so high, 
and also that side of it that was next the wayside 
did hang so much over that Ciiristian was afraid 
to venture further, lest the hill should fall on his 
head ; wherefore there he stood still, and wotted 
not what to do. Also his burden now seemed 
heavier to him than while he was in his way. 
There came also flashes of fire out of the hill, that 
made Christian afraid that he should be burned. 
Here, therefore, he did quake for fear. 

And now he began to be sorry that he had taken 
Worldly Wiseman's counsel. And with that he 
saw Evangelist coming to meet him ; at the sight 
also of whom he. began to blush for shame. So 
Evangelist drew nearer and coming up to him, he 
looked upon him with a severe countenance, and 
thus began to reason with Christian. 

Evangelist. What dost thou here. Christian? 
At which words Christian knew not what to an- 
swer; so he stood speechless before him. Then said 
Evangelist further, Art not thou the man that I 



32 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

found crying without the walls of the City of De- 
struction? 

Christian. Yes, Sir, I am the man. 

Evangelist. Did not I direct thee the way to the 
little wicket-gate? 

Christian. Yes, Sir. 

Evangelist. How is it, then, that thou art so 
quickly turned aside? for thou art now out of the 
way. 

Christian. I met with a gentleman so soon as I 
had got over the Slough of Despond, who persuaded 
me that I might, in the village before me, find a 
man that could take off my burden. 

Evangelist. What was he? 

Christian. He looked like a gentleman, and 
talked much to me, and got me at last to yield ; so 
I came hither; but when I beheld this hill, and how 
it hangs over the way, I suddenly made a stand lest 
it should fall on my head. 

Evangelist. What said that gentleman to 
you? 

Christian. Why, he asked me whither I was go- 
ing? And I told him. 

Evangelist. And what said he then ? 

Christian. He asked me if I had a family? And 
I told him. But, said I, I am so loaden with the 
burden that is on my back, that I cannot take 
pleasure in them as formerly. 

Evangelist. And what said he then? 

Christian. He bid me with speed get rid of my 
burden ; and I told him it was ease that I sought. 




DO YOU SEE YONDER WICKET-GATE ? 



34 THE PILGBBl'S PROGRESS. 

And, said I, I am therefore going to yonder gate, 
to receive further direction how I may get to the 
place of deliverance. So he said that he would 
show me a better way, and short, not so attended 
with difficulties as the way. Sir, that you set me in ; 
which way, said he, will direct you to a gentleman's 
house that hath skill to take off these burdens, so I 
believed him, and turned out of that way into this, 
if haply I might be soon eased of my burden. But 
when I came to this place, and beheld things as 
they are, I stopped for fear of danger: but I now 
know not what to do. 

Evangelist. Then, stand still a little, that I may 
show thee the words of God. So he stood trembling. 
Then said Evangelist, See that ye refuse not him 
that speaketh. For if they escaped not who refused 
him that spake on earth, much more shall not we 
escape, if we turn away from him that speaketh 
from heaven. He said, moreover. Now the just 
shall live by faith: but if any man draw back, my 
soul shall have no pleasure in him. He also did 
thus apply them: Thou art the man that art run- 
ning into this misery ; thou hast begun to reject the 
counsel of the Most High, and to draw back thy 
foot from the way of peace, even almost to the 
hazarding of thy perdition. 

Christian fell down at his feet as dead, crying, 
Woe is me, for I am undone! At the sight of 
which. Evangelist caught him by the right hand, 
saying, All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be 
forgiven unto men. Be not faithless, but believing. 



TEE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 35 

Then did Christian revive, and stood up trembling, 
as at first, before Evangehst. 

Evangelist. Give more earnest heed to the 
things that I shall tell thee of. I will now show 
thee who it was that deluded thee, and who it was 
also to whom he sent thee. — The man that met thee 
is one Worldly Wiseman, and rightly is he so 
called ; partly, because he savoreth only the doc- 
trine of this world (therefore he always goes to 
the town of Morality to church) : and partly because 
he loveth that doctrine best, for it saveth him best 
from the cross. And because he is of this carnal 
temper, therefore he seeketh to prevent my ways, 
though right. Now, there are three things in this 
man's counsel that thou must utterly abhor. (1) 
His turning thee out of the way. (2) His laboring 
to render the cross odious to thee. And (3) His 
setting thy feet in that way that leadeth unto the 
administration of death. 

First, thou must abhor his turning thee out of 
the way; and thine own consenting thereto: be- 
cause this is to reject the counsel of God for the 
sake of the counsel of a Worldly Wiseman. The 
Lord says, Strive to enter in at the strait gate; the 
gate to which I send thee ; for strait is the gate 
that leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it. 
From this little wicket gate, and from the way 
thereto, hath this wicked man turned thee, to the 
bringing of thee almost to destruction ; hate, there- 
fore, his turning thee out of the way, and abhor 
thyself for hearkening to him. 



36 TEE PILGBIM'S PROGBESS. 

Secondly, thou must abhor his laboring to render 
the cross odious unto thee ; for thou art to prefer it 
before the treasures in Egypt. Besides, the King 
of glory hath told thee, that he that will save his 
life shall lose it. And, He that cometh after me, 
and hateth not his father, and mother, and wife, 
and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and 
his own life also, he cannot be my disciple. I say, 
therefore, for man to labor to persuade thee, that 
that shall be thy death, without which, the truth 
hath said, thou canst not have eternal life; this 
doctrine thou must abhor. 

Thirdly, thou must hate his setting of thy feet 
in the way that leadeth to the ministration of death. 
And for this thou must consider to whom he sent 
thee, and also how unable that person was to de- 
liver thee from thy burden. 

He to whom thou wast sent for ease, being by 
name Legality, is the son of the bondwoman which 
now is, and is in bondage with her children ; and 
is, in a mystery, this Mount Sinai, which thou hast 
feared will fall on thy head. Now, if she, with her 
children, are in bondage, how canst thou expect by 
them to be made free? This Legality, therefore, is 
not able to set thee free from thy burden. No man 
was as yet ever rid of his burden by him ; no, nor 
ever is like to be: ye cannot be justified by the 
works of the law ; for by the deeds of the law no 
man living can be rid of his burden : therefore. 
Worldly Wiseman is an alien, and Legality is a 
cheat; and for his son Civility, he is but a hypocrite 




IN THE SLOUGH OF DESPOND. 



38 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

and cannot help thee. Beheve me, there is nothing 
in all this noise, that thon hast heard of these sot- 
tish men, but a design to beguile thee of thy salva- 
tion, by turning thee from the way in which I had 
set thee. After this, Evangelist called aloud to the 
heavens for confirmation of what he had said : and 
with that there came words and fire out of the 
mountain under which poor Christian stood, tliat 
made the hair of his flesh stand up. The words 
were thus pronounced : As many as are of the 
works of the law are under the curse ; for it is writ- 
ten, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all 
things which are written in the book of the law to 
do them. 

Now Christian looked for nothing but death, and 
began to cry out; even cursing the time in which 
he met with Worldly Wiseman; still calling him- 
self a thousand fools for hearkening to his counsel : 
he also was greatly ashamed to think that this 
gentleman's arguments, flowing only from the flesh, 
should have the prevalency with him as to cause 
him to forsake the right way. This done, he ap- 
plied himself again to Evangelist in words and sense 
as follow: Sir, what think you? Is there hope? 
May I now go back and go up to the wicket-gate? 
Shall I not be abandoned for this, and sent back 
from thence ashamed? I am sorrry I have heark- 
ened to this man's counsel. But may my sin be 
forgiven ? 

Evangelist. Thy sin is very great, for by it thou 
hast committed two evils: thou hast forsaken the 



THE PILGBBl'S PROGRESS. 39 

way that is good, to tread in forbidden paths; yet 
will the man at the gate receive thee, for he has 
good- will for men ; only, said he, take heed that 
thou turn not aside again, lest thou perish from the 
way, when his wrath is kindled hut a little. Then 
did Christian address himself to go back; and 
Evangelist, after he had kissed him, gave him one 
smile, and bid him God-speed. So he went on with 
haste, neither spake he to any man by the wa}'; 
nor, if any asked him, would he vouchsafe them 
an answer. He went on like one that was all the 
while treading on forbidden ground, and could by 
no means think himself safe, tjll again he was got 
into the way which he left, to follow Worldly Wise- 
man's counsel. So, in process of time Christian 
got up to the gate. Now, over the gate it was 
written. Knock, and it shall be opened unto you. 
He knocked, therefore, more than once or twice. 
At last there came a grave person to the gate named 
Good- will,, who asked who was there? and whence 
he came? and what he would have? 

Christian. Here is a poor burdened sinner. I 
come from the City of Destruction, but am going 
to Mount Zion, that I may be delivered from the 
wrath to come. I would, therefore, Sir, since I am 
informed that by this gate is the way thither, 
know if you are willing to let me in? 

GoOD-w^iLL. I am willing with all my heart, said 
he ; and with that he opened the gate. 

So when Christian was stepping in, the other 
gave him a pull. Then said Christian, What means 



40 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

that? The other told him. A little distance from 
this gate, there is erected a strong castle, of which 
Beelzebub is the captain ; from thence both he and 
them that are with him shoot arrows at those that 
come iiiD to this gate, if haply they may die before 
they can enter in. 

Christian. I rejoice and tremble. So when he 
was got in, the man of the gate asked him who 
directed him thither? 

Christian. Evangelist bid me come hither, and 
knock (as I did) ; and he said that you, Sir, would 
tell me what I must do. 

Good-will. An open door is set before thee, and 
no man can shut it. 

Christian. Now I begin to reap the benefits of 
my hazards. 

Good- will. But how is it that you came alone? 

Christian. Because none of ray neighbors saw 
their danger as I saw mine. 

Good- will. Did any know of your coming? 

Christian. Yes; my wife and children saw me 
at the first, and called after me to turn again ; also 
some of my neighbors stood crying and calling after 
me to return ; but I put my fingers in my ears, and 
so came on my way. 

Good-w^ll. But did none of them follow you to 
persuade you to go back? 

Christian. Yes, both Obstinate and Pliable; but 
when they saw that they could not prevail, Obsti- 
nate went railing back, but Pliable came with me a 
little way. 




WORDLY WISEMAN. 



42 THE PILGRBI'S PROGRESS. 

Good-will. But why did he not come throu|;h? 

Christian. We, indeed, came both together, until 
we came to the Slough of Despond, into the which 
we suddenly fell. And then was my neighbor. 
Pliable, discouraged, and would not venture further. 
Wherefore, getting out again on that side next to 
his own house, he told me I should possess the brave 
country alone for him : so he went his way, and I 
came mine — he after Obstinate, and I to this gate. 

Good-will. Alas, poor man ! is the celestial glory 
of so small esteem with him that he counteth it 
not worth running the hazards of a few difficulties 
to obtain it? 

Christian. Truly, I have said the truth of Pliable, 
and if I should also say all the truth of myself, it 
will appear there is no betterment betwixt him and 
myself. It is true, he went back to his own house, 
but I also turned aside to go in the way of death, 
being persuaded thereto by the carnal arguments 
of one Worldly Wiseman. 

Good-will. Oh! did he light upon you? What! 
he would have had you a sought for ease at the 
hands of Legality, They are, both of them, a very 
cheat. But did you take his counsel? 

Christian. Yes, as far as I durst; I w^ent to find 
out Legality, until I thought that the mountain 
that stands by his house would have fallen upon 
my head ; wherefore, there I was forced to stop. 

Good-will. That mountain has been the death 
of many, and will be the death of many more; it is 
well you escaped being by it dashed in jDieces. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 43 

Christian. Why, truly, I do not know what had 
become of me there, had not EvangeHst happily 
met me again, as I was musing in the midst of my 
dumps; but it was God's mercy that he came to 
me again, for else I had never come hither. But 
now I am come, such a one as I am, more fit, in- 
deed, for death, by that mountain, than thus to 
stand talking with my Lord ; but, oh, what a favor 
is this to me, that yet I am admitted entrance here ! 

Good-will. We make no objections against any, 
notwithstanding all that they have done before 
they came hither. They are in no wise cast out; 
and therefore, good Christian, come a little way 
with me, and I will teach thee about the way thou 
must go. Look before thee; dost thou see this nar- 
row way? That is the way thou must go; it was 
cast up by patriarchs, prophets, Christ and his 
apostles ; and it is as straight as a rule can make it. 
This is the way thou must go. 

Christian. But, are there no turnings or wind- 
ings, by which a stranger may lose his way? 

Good-will. Yes, there are many ways butt down 
upon this, and they are crooked and wide. But 
thus thou may est distinguish the right from the 
wrong, the right only being straight and narrow. 

Then I saw in my dream that Christian asked 
him further if he could not help him off with his 
burden that was upon his back ; for as yet he had 
not got rid thereof, nor could he by any means get 
it off without help. He told him. As to thy burden, 
be content to bear it until thou comest to the place 



44 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

of deliverance ; for there it will fall from thy back 
of itself. 

Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to 
address himself to his journey. So the other told 
him, That by that he was gone some distance from 
the gate, he would come at the house of the In- 
terpreter, at whose door he should knock, and he 
would show him excellent things. Then Christian 
took his leave of his friend, and he again bid him 
God -speed. 

Then he went on till he came to the house of the 
Interpreter, where he knocked over and over; at 
last one came to the door, and asked who was there. 

Christian. Sir, here is a traveller, who was bid 
by an acquaintance of the good man of this house 
to call here for my profit ; I would therefore speak 
with the master of the house. So he called for the 
master of the house, who, after a little time, came 
to Christian, and asked him what he would have. 

Christian. Sir, I am a man that am come from 
the City of Destruction, and am going to the Mount 
Zion ; ^nd I was told by the man that stands at the 
gate, at the head of this way, that if I called here, 
you would show me excellent things, such as would 
be a help to me in my journey. 

Interpreter. Come in ; I will show that which 
will be profitable to thee. So he commanded his 
man to light the candle, and bid Christian follow 
him : so he had him into a private room, and bid 
his man open a door ; the which when he had done, 
Christian saw the picture of a very grave person 




HE GAVE HIM A PULL. 



46 THE PlLGRBl'S PROGRESS. 

hang up against the wall; and this was the fashion 
of it. It had eyes lifted up to heaven, the best of 
books in his hand, the law of truth was written 
upon his lips, the world was behind his back. It 
stood as if it pleaded with men, and a crown of gold 
did hang over its head. 

Christian. What meaneth this? 

Interpreter. The man whose picture this is, is 
one of a thousand ; he can beget children, travail 
in birth with children, and nurse them himself 
when they are born. And whereas thou seest him 
with his eyes lift up to heaven, the best of books in 
his hand, and the law of truth writ on liis lips, it is 
to show thee that his work is to know and unfold 
dark things to sinners; even as also thou seest him 
stand as if he pleaded with men ; and whereas thou 
seest the world as cast behind him, and that a 
crown hangs over his head, that is to show thee 
that despising the things that are present, for the 
love that he hath to his Master's service, he is sure 
in the world that comes next to have glory for his 
reward. Now, said the Interpreter, I have showed 
thee this picture first, because the man whose 
picture this is, is the only man whom the Lord of 
the place whither thou art going hath authorized 
to be thy guide in all difficult places thou mayest 
meet with in the way ; wherefore take good heed 
to what I have showed thee, and bear well in thy 
mind what thou hast seen, lest in thy journey thou 
meet with some that pretend to ad thee right, but 
their way goes down to death. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 47 

Then he took him by the hand, and led him into 
a very large parlor that was full of dust, because 
never swept; the which after he had reviewed a 
little while, t^ie Interpreter called for a man to 
sweep. Now, when he began to sweep, the dust 
began to fly about so that Christian had almost 
therewith been choked. Then said the Interpreter 
to a damsel that stood by, Bring hither the water, 
and sprinkle the room : when she had done, it was 
swept and cleansed with pleasure. 

Christian. What means this? 

Interpreter. This parlor is the heart of a man 
that was never sanctified by the sweet grace of the 
gospel ; the dust is his original sin and inward cor- 
ruptions, that have defiled the whole man. He 
that began to sweep at first, is the Law ; but she 
that brought water, and did sprinkle it, is the 
Gospel. Now, whereas thou sawest, that so soon 
as the first began to sweep, the dust did so fly about 
that the room by him could not be cleansed, but 
that thou wast almost choked therewith; this is to 
show thee that the law, instead of cleansing the 
heart (by its working) from sin, doth revive, put 
strength into, and increase it in the soul, even as it 
doth discover and forbid it, for it doth not give 
power to subdue. 

Again, as thou sawest the damsel sprinkle the 
room with water, upon which it was cleansed with 
pleasure; this is to show thee that when the gospel 
comes, in the sweet and precious influences thereof, 
to the heart, then, I say, even as thou sawest the 



48 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

damsel lay the dust by sprinkling the floor with 
water, so is sin vanquished and subdued, and the 
soul made clean through the faith of it, and con- 
sequently fit for the King of glory to inhabit. 

I saw, moreover, in my dream, that the Inter- 
preter took him by the hand, and had him into a 
little room, where sat two little children, each one 
in his chair. The name of the eldest was Passion, 
and the name of the other Patience. Passion 
seemed to be much discontented ; but Patience was 
very quiet. Then Christian asked. What is the 
reason of the discontent of Passion? The Inter- 
preter answered. The Governor of them would have 
him stay for his best things till the beginning of the 
next year; but he will have all now; but Patience 
is willing to wait. 

Ther. I saw that one came to Passion, and brought 
him a bag of treasure, and poured it down at his 
feet, the which he took up and rejoiced therein, and 
withal laughed Patience to scorn. But I beheld 
but a while, and he had lavished all away, and had 
nothing left him but rags. 

Christian. Expound this matter more fully to 
me. 

Interpreter. These two lads are figures: Pas- 
sion, of the men of this world ; and Patience, of 
the men of that which is to come; for as here 
thou seest, Passion will have all now this year, 
that is to say, in this world; so are the men of 
this world : they must have all their good things 
now, they cannot stay till next year, that is, until 




THE MAN IN THE CAGE. 



50 THE PILGRBI'S PROGRESS. 

the next world, for their portion of good. The 
proverb, A bird in the hand is worth two in the 
bush, is of more authority with them than are all 
the Divine testimonies of the good of the world to 
come. But as thou sawest that he had quickly 
lavished all away, and had presently left him noth- 
ing but rags; so will it be with all such men at the 
end of this world. 

Christian. Now I see that Patience has the best 
wisdom, and that upon many accounts. First, be- 
cause he stays for the best things. Second, and 
also because he will have the glory of his when the 
other has nothing but rags. 

Interpreter. Nay, you may add another, to wit, 
the glory of the next world will never wear out; 
but these are suddenly gone. Therefore Passion 
had not so much reason to laugh at Patience, be- 
cause he had his good things first, as Patience will 
have to laugh at Passion, because he had his best 
things last ; for first must give place to last, because 
last must have his time to come; but last gives 
place to nothing; for there is not another to suc- 
ceed. He, therefore, that hath his portion first, 
must needs have a time to spend it; but he that 
hath his portion last, must have it lastingly; there- 
fore it is said of Dives : Thou in thy lifetime receiv- 
ed thy good things, and Lazarus evil things; but 
now he is comforted, and thou art tormented. 

Christian. Then I perceive it is not best to covet 
things that are now, but to wait for things to 
come. 



THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 51 

Interpreter. You say the truth : For the things 
which are seen are temporal ; but the things which 
are not seen are eternal. 

Then I saw in my dream that the Interpreter took 
Christian by the hand, and led him into a place 
where was a fire burning against the wall, and one 
standing by it, always casting much water upon it, 
to quench it '. yet did the fire burn higher and hotter. 

Christian. What means this? 

Interpreter, This fire is the work of grace that 
is wrought in the heart ; he that casts water upon 
it to extinguish and put it out, is the Devil ; but in 
that thou seestthe fire notwithstanding burn higher 
and hotter, thou shalt also see the reason of that. 

So he had him about to the back side of the wall, 
where he saw a man with a vessel of oil in his hand, 
which he did cast, but secretly, into the fire. 

Christian. What means this? 

Interpreter. This is Christ, who continually, 
with the oil of his grace, maintains the work al- 
ready begun in the heart; by the means of which, 
notwithstanding what the Devil can do, the souls of 
his people prove gracious still. And in that thou 
sawest that the man stood behind the wall to main- 
tain the fire, that is to teach thee that it is hard for 
the tempted to see how this work of grace is main- 
tained in the soul. 

I saw also that the Interpreter took him again 
by the hand, and led him into a pleasant place, 
where was builded a stately palace, beautiful to be- 
hold ; at the sight of which Christian was greatly 



52 THE FILGBUrS PROGRESS. 

delighted. He saw also upon the top thereof cer- 
tain persons walking, who were clothed all in gold. 

Christian. May we go in thither? 

Then the Interpreter took him, and led him up 
towards the door of the palace ; and behold at the 
door stood a great company of men, as desirous to 
go in, but durst not. There also sat a man at a 
little distance from the door, at a tableside, with a 
book and his inkhorn before him, to take the name 
of him that should enter therein : he saw also, that 
in the doorway stood many men in armor to keep 
it, being resolved to do the men that would enter 
what hurt and mischief they could. Now was 
Christian somewhat in amaze. At last, when every 
man started back for fear of the armed men. Chris- 
tian saw a man of a very stout countenance come 
up to the man that sat there to write, saying, Set 
down my name, Sir; the which when he had done, 
he saw the man draw his sword, and put an helmet 
upon his head, and rush toward the door upon the 
armed men, who laid upon him with deadly force; 
but the man, not at all discouraged, fell to cut- 
ting and hacking most fiercely. So after he had 
received and given many wounds to those that 
attempted to keep him out, he cut his way through 
them all and pressed forward into the palace, at 
which there was a pleasant voice heard from those 
that were within, even of those that walked upon 
the top of the palace, saying. 

Come in, come in ; 
Etei'nal glory thou slialt w 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, 53 

So he went in, and was clothed with such gar- 
ments as they. Then Christian smiled and said, I 
think I know the meaning of this. 

Christian. Let me go hence. Nay, stay, said 
the Interpreter, till I have shown thee a little more, 
and after that thou shalt go on thy way. So he 
took him by the hand again, and led him into a 
very dark room, where there sat a man in an iron 
cage. 

Now the man, to look on, seemed very sad ; he 
sat with his eyes looking down to the ground, his 
hands folded together, and he sighed as if he would 
break his heart. Then said Christian, What means 
this? At which the Interpreter bid him talk with 
the man. 

Christian. What art thou? The man answered, 
I am what I was not once. 

Christian. What wast thou once? 

Man. I was once a fair and flourishing professor, 
both in mine own eyes and also in the eyes of others ; 
I once was, as I thought, fair for the Celestial City, 
and had then even joy at the thoughts that I should 
get thither. 

Christian. Well, but what art thou now? 

Man. I am now a man of despair, and am shut 
up in it, as in this iron cage. I cannot get out. 
Oh, now I cannot ! 

Christian. How came you in this condition? 

Man. I left off to watch and be sober; I laid the 
reins upon the neck of my lusts ; I sinned against 
the light of the Word and the goodness of God ; I 



54 THE PILGRBI'S PROGRESS. 

have grieved the Spirit, and he is gone; I tempted 
the devil, and he is come tome; I have provoked 
God to anger, and he has left me: I have so hard- 
ened my heart that I cannot repent. 

Then said Christian to the Interpreter, Is there 
no hope for such a man as this? Ask him, said the 
Interpreter. Nay, said Christian, pray, do yon. 

Interpreter. Is there no hope, but you must he 
kept in the iron cage of despair? 

Man. No, none at all. 

Interpreter. Why, the Son of the blessed is very 
pitiful. 

Man. I have crucified him to myself afresh ; I 
have despised his person ; I have despised his right- 
eousness ; I have counted his blood an unholy thing ; 
I have done despite to the Spirit of grace. There- 
fore I have shut myself out of all the promises, and 
there now remains to me nothing but threatenings, 
dreadful threatenings, fearful threatenings of cer- 
tain judgment and fiery indignation, which shall 
devour me as an adversary. 

Interpreter. For what did you bring yourself 
into this condition? 

Man. For the lusts, pleasures, and profits of this 
world ; in the enjoyment of which I did then promise 
myself much delight; but now every one of those 
things also bite me, and gnaw me like a burning 
worm. 

Interpreter. But canst thou not now repent and 
turn? 

Man. God hath denied me repentance. His Word 



THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 55 

gives me no encouragement to believe ; yea, himself 
hath shut me up in this iron cage ; nor can all the 
men in the w^orld let me out. eternity, eternity ! 
how shall I grapple vv^ith the misery that I must 
meet with in eternity ! 

Interpreter. Let this man's misery be remem- 
bered by thee, and be an everlasting caution to thee. 

Christian. Well, this is fearful! God help me 
to watch and be sober, and to pray that I may shun 
the cause of this man's misery! Sir, is it not time 
for me to go on my way now? 

Interpreter. Tarry till I shall show thee one 
thing more, and then thou shalt go on thy wa}'. 

So he took Christian by the hand again, and led 
him into a chamber, where there was one rising out 
of bed; and as he put on his raiment, he shook and 
trembled. Then said Christian, Why doth this man 
thus tremble? The Interpreter then bid him tell to 
Christian the reason of his so doing. So he said, 
This night, as I was in my sleep, I dreamed, and 
behold the heavens grew exceedingly black ; also it 
thundered and lightened in most fearful wise, that 
it put me into an agony; so I looked up in my 
dream, and saw the clouds rack at an unusual rate, 
upon which I heard a great sound of a trumpet, 
and saw also a man sit upon a cloud, attended with 
the thousands of heaven; they were all in flaming 
fire: also the heavens were in a burning flame. I 
heard then a voice, saying, Arise, ye dead, and 
come to judgment; and with that the rocks rent, 
the graves opened, and the dead that were therein 



56 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

came forth. Some of them were exceeding glad, 
and looked upward ; and some sought to hide them- 
selves under the mountains. Then I saw the man 
that sat upon the cloud open the book, and bid the 
world draw near. Yet there was, by reason of a 
fierce flame which issued out and came from before 
him, a convenient distance betwixt him and them, 
as betwixt the judge and the prisoners at the bar. 
I heard it also proclaimed to them that attended on 
the man that sat on the cloud. Gather together 
the tares, the chaff, and stubble, and cast them into 
the burning lake. And with that, the bottomless 
pit opened, just whereabout I stood ; out of the 
mouth of which there came, in an abundant man- 
ner, smoke and coals of fire, with hideous noises. 
It was also said to the same persons, Gather my 
wheat into the garner. And with that I saw many 
caught up and carried away into the clouds, but I 
was left behind. I also sought to hide myself, but 
I could not, for the man that sat upon the cloud 
still kept his eye upon me ; my sins also came into 
my mind: and my conscience did accuse me on 
every side. Upon this I awaked from my sleep. 

Christian. But what was it that made you so 
afraid of this sight? 

Man. Why, I thought that the day of judgment 
was come, and that I was not ready for it; but this 
frighted me most, that the angels gathered up sev- 
eral and left me behind ; also the pit of hell opened 
her mouth just where I stood. My conscience, too, 
afflicted me ; and, as I thought, the Judge had al- 




HIS BURDEN FELL OFF HIS BACK, 



58 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

ways his eye upon me, showing indignation in his 
countenance. 

Interpreter. Hast thou considered all these 
things? 

Christian. Yes, and they put me in hope and 
fear. 

Interpreter. Well, keep all things so in thy 
mind that they may be as a goad in thy sides, to 
prick thee forward in the way thou must go. Then 
Christian began to gird up his loins, and to address 
himself to his journey. Then said the Interpreter, 
The Comforter be always with thee, good Christian, 
to guide thee in the way that leads to the City. So 
Christian went on his way. 

Now I saw in my dream that the highway up 
which Christian was to go, was fenced on either 
side with a wall, and that wall was called Salvation. 
Up this way, therefore, did burdened Christian run, 
but not without great difficulty, because of the load 
on his back. 

He ran thus till he came to a place somewhat as- 
cending, and upon that place stood a cross, and .a 
little below, in the bottom, a sepulchre. So I saw 
in my dream, that just as Christian came up with 
the cross, his burden loosed from off his shoulders, 
and fell from off his back, and began to tumble, and 
so continued to do till it came to the mouth of the 
sepulchre, where it fell in, and I saw it no more. 

Then was Christian glad and lightsome, and said 
with a merry heart, He hath given me rest by his 
sorrow, and life by his death. Then he stood still 



THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 59 

a while to look and wonder; for it was very surpris- 
ing to him, that the sight of the cross should thus 
ease him of his burden. He looked, therefore, and 
looked again, even till the springs that were in his 
bead sent the waters down his cheeks. Now, as be 
stood looking and weeping, behold three Shining 
Ones came to him and saluted him with. Peace be 
to thee. So the first said to him. Thy sins be 
forgiven thee ; the second stripped him of his rags, 
and clothed him with change of raiment; the 
third also set a mark on his forehead, and gave him 
a roll with a seal upon it, which he bade him look 
on as he ran, and that he should give it in at the 
Celestial Gate. So they went their way. 

I saw then in my dream, that he went on thus, 
even until he came at a bottom, where he saw, a 
little out of the way, three men fast asleep, with 
fetters upon their heels. The name of the one was 
Simple, another Sloth, and the third Presumption. 

Christian then seeing them lie in this case went 
to them, if peradventurehe might awake them, and 
cried. You are like them that sleep on the top of a 
mast, for the Dead Sea is under you — a gulf that 
hath no bottom. Awake, tl orefore, and come 
away ; be willing also, and I will help you off with 
your irons. He also told them, If he that goeth 
about like a roaring lion comes by, you will cer- 
tainly become a prey to his teeth. With that they 
looked upon him, and began to reply in this sort: 
Simple said, I see no danger; Sloth said. Yet a little 
more sleep; and Presumption said, Every tub must 



60 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

stand upon its own bottom ; what is the answer else 
that I should give thee? And so they lay down to 
sleep again, and Christian went on his way. 

Yet was he troubled to think that men in that 
danger should so little esteem the kindness of him 
that so freely offered to help them, both by awaken- 
ing of them, counselling of them, and proffering to 
help them off with their irons. And as he was 
troubled thereabout, he espied two men come 
tumbling over the wall, on the left hand of the 
narrow way; and they made up apace to him. The 
name of the one was Formalist, and the name of 
the other Hypocrisy. So, as I said, they drew up 
unto him, who thus entered with them into dis- 
course. 

Christian. Gentleman, whence came you, and 
whither go you? 

Formalist and Hypocrisy. We were born in the 
land of Vainglory, and are going for praise to 
Mount Zion. 

Christian. Why came you not in at the gate 
which standeth at the beginning of the way? 
Know you not that it is written, that he that 
Cometh not in by the door, but climbeth up some 
other way, the same is a thief and a robber? 

Formalist and Hypocrisy. That to go to the 
gate for entrance was, by all their countrymen, 
counted too far about; and that, therefore, their 
usual way was to make a short cut of it, and to 
climb over the wall, as they had done. 

Christian. But will it not be counted a trespass 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 61 

againpiC the Lord of the city whither we are bound, 
thus to violate his revealed will? 

Formalist and Hypocrisy. They told him that, 
as for that, he needed not to trouble his head there- 
about; what they did they had custom for; and 
could produce, if need were, testimony that would 
witness it for more than a thousand years. 

Christian. But, will your practice stand a trial 
at law? 

Formalist and Hypocrisy. They told him that 
custom, it being of so long a standing as above a 
thousand years, would, doubtless, now be admitted 
as a thing legal by any impartial judge ; and besides, 
said they, if we get into the way, what's matter 
which way we get in? if we are in, we are in ; thou 
art but in the way, who, as we perceive, came in at 
the gate; and we are also in the way, that came 
tumbling over the wall ; wherein, now, is thy con- 
dition better than ours? 

Christian. I walk by the rule of my Master; you 
walk by the rude working of your fancies. You 
are counted thieves already, by the Lord of the way ; 
therefore, I doubt you will not be found true men 
at the end of the way. You come in by yourselves, 
without his direction ; and shall go out by your- 
selves, without his mercy. 

To this they made him but little answer; only 
they bid him look to himself. Then I saw that they 
went on every man in his way, without much con 
ference one with another; save that these two men 
told Christian, that as to laws and ordinances, they 



62 THE PILGBBI'S PROGRESS. 

doubted not but they should as conscientiously do 
them as he ; therefore, said they, we see not wherein 
thou differest from us but by the coat that is on thy 
back, which was, as we trow, given thee by some 
of thy neighbors, to hide the shame of thy naked- 
ness. 

Christian, Bj' laws and ordinances you will not 
be saved, since you came not in by the door. And 
as for this coat that is on my back, it was given me 
by the Lord of the place whither I go; and that, as 
you say, to cover my nakedness with. And I take 
it as a token of his kindness to me ; for I had noth- 
ing but rags before. And besides, thus I comfort 
myself as I go: Surely, think I, when I come to 
the gate of the city, the Lord thereof will know me 
for good, since I have his coat on my back — a coat 
that he gave me freely in the day that he stripped 
me of my rags. I have, moreover, a mark in my 
forehead, of which, perhaps, you have taken no 
notice, which one of my Lord's most intimate asso- 
ciates fixed there in the day that my burden fell off 
my shoulders. I will tell you, moreover, that I had 
then given me a roll, sealed, to comfort me by read- 
ing as I go on the way ; I was also bid to give it in 
at the Celestial Gate, in token of my certain going 
in after it; all which things, I doubt, you want, 
and want them because you came not in at the gate. 

To these things they gave him no answer ; only 
they looked upon each other, and laughed. Then 
I saw that they went on all, save that Christian 
kept before, who had no more talk but with him- 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 63 

self, and that sometimes sighingly and sometimes 
comfortably ; also he would be often reading in the 
roll that one of the Shining Ones gave him, by 
which he was refreshed. 

I beheld, then, that they all went on till they 
came to the foot of the hill Difficulty ; at the bot- 
tom of which was a spring. There were also in the 
same place two other ways besides that which came 
straight from the gate; one turned to the left hand, 
and the other to the right, at the bottom of the hill ; 
but the narrow way lay right up the hill, and the 
name of the going up the side of the hill is called 
Difficulty. Christian now went to the spring, and 
.drank thereof, to refresh himself, and then began 
to go up the hill. 

The other two also came to the foot of the hill ; 
but when they saw that the hill was steep and high, 
and that there were two other ways to go ; and sup- 
posing also that these two ways might meet again, 
with that up which Christian went, on the other 
side of the hill ; therefore they were resolved to go 
in those ways. Now the name of one of those ways 
was Danger, and the name of the other Destruction. 
So the one took the way which is called Danger, 
which led him into a great wood, and the other took 
directly up the way to Destruction, which led him 
into a wide field, full of dark mountains, where he 
stumbled and fell, and rose no more. ■ 

I looked, then, after Christian, to see him go up 
the hill, where I perceived he fell from running to 
going, and from going to clambering upon his 



64 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

hands and his knees, because of the steepness of the 
place. Now, about the midway to the top of the hill 
was a pleasant arbor, made by the Lord of the 
hill for the refreshing of weary travellers ; thither, 
therefore. Christian got, where also he sat down to 
rest him. Then he pulled his roll out of his bosom, 
and read therein to his comfort ; he also now began 
afresh to take a review of the coat or garment that 
was given him as he stood by the cross. Thus 
pleasing himself a while, he at last fell into a slum- 
ber, and thence into a fast sleep, which detained 
him in that place until it was almost night; and in 
his sleep his roll fell out of his hand. Now, as he 
was sleeping, there came one to him, and awaked- 
him, saying. Go to the ant, thou sluggard ; con- 
sider her ways, and be wise. And with that Chris- 
tian started up, and sped him on his way, and went 
apace, till he came to the top of the hill. 

Now, when he was got up to the top of the hill, 
there came two men running to meet him amain; 
the name of the one was Timorous, and of the other 
Mistrust; to whom Christian said. Sirs, what's the 
matter? You run the wrong way. Timorous an- 
swered that they were going to the City of Zion, 
and had got up that difficult place ; but, said he, 
the farther we go, the more danger we meet with ; 
wherefore we turned, and are going back again. 

Yes, said Mistrust, for just before us lie a couple 
of lions in the way, whether sleeping or waking we 
know not, and we could not think, if we came 
within reach, but they would pull us in pieces. 




r ■ 's 



THE THREE SHINING ONES. 



66 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Christian. You make me afraid, but whither 
shall I fly to be safe? If I go back to mine own 
country, that is prepared for fire and brimstone, 
and I shall certainly perish there. If I can get to 
the Celestial City, I am sure to be in safety there. 
I must venture. To go back is nothing but death ; 
to go forward is fear of death, and life everlasting 
beyond it. I will yet go forward. So Mistrust and 
Timorous ran down the hill, and Christian went on 
his way. But, thinking again of what he had heard 
from the men, he felt in his bosom for his roll, that 
he might read therein, and be comforted ; but he 
felt, and found it not. Then was Christian in great 
distress, and knew not what to do; for he wanted 
that which used to relieve him, and that which 
should have been his pass into the Celestial City. 
Here, therefore, he began to be much perplexed, 
and knew not what to do. At last he bethought 
himself that he had slept in the arbor that is on the 
side of the hill ; and, falling down upon his knees, 
he asked God's forgiveness for that his foolish act, 
and then went back to look for his roll. But all 
the way he went back, who can sufficiently set forth 
the sorrow of Christian's heart! Sometimes he 
sighed, sometimes he wept, and oftentimes he chid 
himself for being so foolish to fall asleep in that 
place, which was erected only for a little refresh- 
ment for his weariness. Thus, therefore, he went 
back, carefully looking on this side and on that, all 
the way as he went, if happily he might find his 
roll, that had been his comfort so many times in 



THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 67 

his journey. He went thus, till he came again 
within sight of the arbor where he sat and slept; 
but that sight renewed his sorrow the more, by 
bringing again, even afresh, his evil of sleeping 
into his mind. Thus, therefore, he now went on 
bewailing his sinful sleep, saying, O wretched man 
that I am ! that I should sleep in the daytime! that 
I should sleep in the midst of difficulty! that I 
should so indulge the flesh, as to use that rest for 
ease to my flesh, which the Lord of the hill hath 
erected only for the relief of the spirits of pilgrims ! 

How many steps have I took in vain ! Thus it 
happened to Israel, for their sin; they were sent 
back again by the way of the Red Sea ; and I am 
made to tread those steps with sorrow, which I 
might have trod with delight, had it not been for 
this sinful sleep. How far might I have been on 
my way by this time ! I am made to tread those 
steps thrice over, which I needed not to have trod 
but once; yea I am like to be benighted, for the 
day is almost spent. Oh, that I had not slept ! 

Now, by this time he was come to the arbor 
again, where for a while he sat down and wept; 
but at last, as Christian would have it, looking sor- 
rowfully down under the settle, there he espied his 
roll; which he, with trembling and haste, catched 
up, and put it into his bosom. But who can tell 
how joyful this man was when he had gotten his 
roll again ! for this roll was the assurance of his life 
and acceptance at the desired haven. Therefore he 
laid it up in his bosom, gave thanks to God for 



68 THE FILGBUrS PROGRESS. 

directing his eye to the place where it lay, and with 
joy and tears betook himself again to his journey. 
But oh, how nimbly now did he go up the rest of 
the hill! Yet, before he got up the sun went down 
upon Christian ; and this made him again recall the 
vanity of his sleeping to his remembrance; and 
thus he again began to condole with himself. O 
thou sinful sleep: how, for thy sake am I like to be 
benighted in my journey. I must walk without 
the sun; darkness must cover the path of my feet; 
and I must hear the noise of the doleful creatures, 
because of my sinful sleep. Now also he remem- 
bered the story that Mistrust and Timorous told 
him of, how they were frighted with the sight of 
the lions. Then said Christian to himself again, 
These beasts range in the night for their prey; and 
if they should meet with me in the dark, how 
should I shift them? How should I escape being 
by them torn in pieces? Thus he went on his way. 
But while he was thus bewailing his unhappy mis- 
carriage, he lift up his eyes, and behold there was 
a very stately palace before him, the name of which 
was Beautiful : and it stood by the highway side. 

So I saw in my dream that he made haste and 
went forward, that if possible he might get lodging 
there. Now, before he had gone far, he entered 
into a very narrow passage, which was about a fur- 
long off of the porter's lodge; and looking very 
narrowly before him as he went, he espied two lions 
in the way. Now, thought he, I see the dangers 
that Mistrust and Timorous were driven back by. 




THE HILL OF DIFFICULTY. 



70 THE PILGRnrS PROGRESS. 

(The lions were chained, but he saw not the chains.) 
Then he was afraid, and thought also himself to go 
back after them, for he thought nothing but death 
was before him. But the porter at the lodge, 
whose name is Watchful, perceiving that Christian 
made a halt as if he would go back, cried unto him, 
saying. Is thy strength so small? Fear not the 
lions, for they are chained, and are placed there for 
trial of faith where it is, and for discovery of those 
that have none. Keep in the midst of the path, and 
no hurt shall come unto thee. 

Then I saw that he went on, trembling for fear 
of the lions, but taking good heed to the directions 
of the porter ; he heard them roar, but they did him 
no harm. Then he clapped his hands, and went on 
till he came and stood before the gate where the 
porter was. Then said Christian to the porter. Sir, 
what house is this? And may I lodge here to- 
night? The porter answered, This house was built 
by the Lord of the liill, and he built it for the relief 
and security of pilgrims. The porter also asked 
whence he was, and whither he was going. 

Christian. I am come from the City of Destruc- 
tion, and am going to Mount Zion ; but because 
the sun is now set, I desire, if I may, to lodge here 
to-night. 

Porter. What is your name? 

My name is now Christian, but my name at the 
first was Graceless; I came of the race of Japheth, 
whom God will persuade to dwell in the tents of 
Shem. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 71 

Porter, But how doth it happen that you come 
so late? The sun is set. 

Christian. I had been here sooner, but that — 
wretched man that I am ! — I slept in the arbor that 
stands on the hill-side; nay, I had, notwithstanding 
that, been here much sooner, but that, in my sleep, 
I lost my evidence, and came without it to the brow 
of the hill; and then feeling for it, and finding it 
not, I was forced with sorrow of heart to go back 
to the place where I slept my sleep, where I found 
it, and now I am come. 

Porter. Well, I will call out one of the virgins of 
this place, who will, if she likes your talk, bring 
you in to the rest of the family, according to the 
rules of the house. So Watchful, the porter, rang 
a bell, at the sound of which came out at the door 
of the house a grave and beautiful damsel, named 
Discretion, and asked why she was called. 

The porter answered, This man is on a journey 
from the City of Destruction to Mount Zion, but 
being weary and benighted, he asked me if he might 
lodge here to-night; so I told him I would call for 
thee, who, after a discourse had with him, mayest 
do as seemeth thee good, even according to the law 
of the house. 

Then she asked him whence he was, and whither 
he was going; and he told her. She asked him 
also how he got into the way ; and he told her. 
Then she asked him what he had seen and met with 
in the way ; and he told her. And last she asked 
his name; so he said, It is Christian, and I have so 



72 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

much the more a desire to lodge here to-night, be- 
cause by what I perceive, this place was built by 
the Lord of the hill, for the relief and security of 
pilgrims. So she smiled, but the water stood in her 
eyes; and after a little pause, she said, I will call 
forth two or three more of the family. So she ran 
to the door, and called out Prudence, Piety, and 
Charity, who, after a little more discourse with 
him, had him into the family; and many of them, 
meeting him at the threshold of the house, said, 
Come in, thou blessed of the Lord ; this house was 
built by the Lord of the hill, on purpose to enter- 
tain such pilgrims in. Then he bowed his head, 
and followed them into the house. So when he was 
come in and sat down, they gave him something 
to drink, and consented together, that until supper 
was ready, some of them should have some particu- 
lar discourse with Christian, for the best improve- 
ment of time; and they appointed Piety and Pru- 
dence and Charity to discourse with him ; and thus 
they began : 

Piety. Come, good Christian, since we have been 
so loving to you, to receive you in our house this 
night, let us, if perhaps we may better ourselves 
thereby, talk with you of all things that have hap- 
pened to you in your pilgrimage. 

Christian. With a very good will, and I am glad 
that you are so well disposed. 

Piety. What moved you at first to betake your- 
self to a pilgrim's life? 

Christian. I was driven out of my native coun- 




^^>--fti^^^^^ 



m 



.w'/&f^^^'^^€3^^'' 



THE LIONS WERE CHAINED, BUT HE SAW NOT THE CHAINS. 



74 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

try, by a dreadful sound that was in mine ears: to 
wit, that unavoidable destruction did attend me, if 
I abode in that place where I was. 

Piety. But how did it happen that you came out 
of your country this way? 

Christian, It was as God would have it; for 
when I was under the fears of destruction, I did 
not know whither to go ; but by chance there came 
a man, even to me, as I was trembling and weep- 
ing, whose name is Evangelist, and he directed me 
to the wicket-gate which else I should never have 
found, and so set me into the way that hath led me 
directly to this house. 

Piety, But did you not come by the house of the 
Interpreter? 

Christian, Yes, and did see such things there, 
the remembrance of which will stick by me as long 
as I live; especially three things; to wit, how 
Christ, in despite of Satan, maintains his work of 
grace in the heart; how the man had sinned him- 
self quite out of hopes of God's mercy: and also the 
dream of him that thought in his sleep the day of 
judgment was come. 

Piety. Why, did you hear him tell his dream? 

Christian. Yes, and a dreadful one it was, I 
thought; it made my heart ache as he was telling 
of it; but yet I am glad I heard it. 

Piety: Was that all that you saw? 

Christian. No; he took me and had me where he 
showed me a stately palace, and how the people 
were clad in gold that were in it ; and how there 



THE PILGBBI'S PROGRESS. 75 

came a venturous man, and cut his way through 
the armed men that stood in the door to keep him 
out; and how he was bid to come in and win 
eternal glory. Methought those things did ravish 
my heart ! I would have stayed at that good man's 
house a twelvemonth, but that I had further to go. 

Piety. And what saw you else in the way? 

Christian. Saw ! why, I went but a little further, 
and I saw one, as I thought in my mind, hang 
bleeding upon the tree; and the very sight of him 
made my burden fall off my back (for I groaned 
under a very heavy burden), but then it fell down 
from off me. It was a strange thing to me, for I 
never saw such a thing before ; yea, and while I 
stood looking up, for then I could not forbear look- 
ing, three Shining Ones came to me. One of them 
testified that my sins were forgiven me; another 
stripped me of my rags, and gave me this broidered 
coat which you see; and the third set the mark 
which you see in my forehead, and gave me this 
sealed roll. (And with that he plucked it out of 
his bosom.) 

Piety. But you saw more than this, did you not? 

Christian. The things that I have told you were 
the best ; yet some other matters I saw, as, namely : 
I saw three men, Simple, Sloth, and Presumption, 
lie asleep a little out of the way, as I came, with 
irons upon their heels; but do you think I could 
awake them? I also saw Formality and Hypocrisy 
come tumbling over the wall, to go, as they pre- 
tended, to Zion, but they were quickly lost, even as 



76 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

I myself did tell them ; but they would not believe. 
But above all, I found it hard work to get up this 
hill, and as hard to come by the lions' mouths ; and 
truly if it had not been for the good man, the porter 
that stands at the gate, I do not know but that 
after all I might have gone back again ; but now, 
I thank God I am here, and I thank you for receiv- 
ing of me. 

Then Prudence thought good to ask him a few 
questions, and desired his answer to them. 

Prudence. Do you not think sometimes of the 
country from whence you came? 

Christian. Yes, but with much shame and detes- 
tation: truly if I had been mindful of that country 
from whence I came out, I might have had oppor- 
tunity to have returned ; but now I desire a better 
coimtry, that is, a heavenly. 

Prudence. Do you not yet bear away with you 
some of the things that then you were conversant 
withal? 

Christian. Yes, but greatly against my will; 
especially my inward and carnal cogitations, with 
which all my countrymen, as well as myself, were 
delighted; but now all those things are my grief; 
and might I but choose mine own things, I would 
choose never to think of those things more; but 
when I would be doing of that which is best, that 
which is worst is with me. 

Prudence. Do you not find sometimes, as if those 
things were vanquished, which at other times are 
your perplexity? 




THIS MAN IS FROM THE CITY OF DESTRUCTION TO MOUNT ZION. 



78 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Christian. Yes, but that is seldom ; they are to 
me golden hours in which such things happen to me. 

Prudence. Can you remember by what means 
you find your annoyances, at times, as if they were 
vanquished? 

Christian. Yes, when I think what I saw at the 
cross, that will do it ; and when I look upon my 
broidered coat, that will do it ; also when I look 
into the roll that I carry in my bosom, that will do 
it ; and when my thoughts wax warm about whither 
I am going, that will do it. 

Prudence. And what is it that makes you so de- 
sirous to go to Mount Zion? 

Christian. Why, there I hope to see him alive 
that did hang dead on the cross; and there I hope 
to be rid of all those things that to this day are in 
me an annoyance to me; there, they say, there is 
no death; and there I shall dwell with such com- 
pany as I like best. For, to tell you truth, I love 
him, because I was by him eased of my burden ; 
and I am weary of my inward sickness. I would 
fain be where I shall die no more, and with the 
company that shall always cry. Holy, Holy, Holy ! 

Then said Charity to Christian, Have you a 
family? Are you a married man? 

Christian. I have a wife and four small children. 

Charity. And why did you not bring them along 
with you? 

Then Christian wept, and said, Oh, how willingly 
would I have done it! but they were all of them 
utterly averse to my going on pilgrimage. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 79 

Charity. But you should have talked to them, 
and endeavored to have shown them the danger of 
being behind. 

Christian. So I did ; and told them also what God 
had shown to me of the destruction of our city ; but 
I seemed to them as one that mocked, and they 
believed me not. 

Charity. And did you pray to God that he would 
bless your counsel to them? 

Christian. Yes, and that with much affection ; 
for you must think that my wife and poor children 
were very dear unto me. 

Charity. But did you tell them of your own sor- 
row, and fear of destruction? for I suppose that de- 
struction was visible enough to you. 

Christian. Yes, over, and over, and over. They 
might also see my fears in my countenance, in my 
tears, and also in my trembling under the apprehen- 
sion of the judgment that did hang over our heads; 
but all was not sufficient to prevail with them to 
come with me. 

Charity. But what could they say for themselves, 
why they came not? 

Christian. Why, my wife was afraid of losing 
this world, and my children w^ere given to the fool- 
ish delights of youth ; so what by one thing, and 
what by another, they left me to wander in this 
manner alone. 

Charity. But did you not, with your vain life, 
damp all that you by words used by way of persua- 
sion to bring them away with you? 



80 THE PILGBBI'S PROGRESS. 

Christian. Indeed, I cannot commend my life; 
for I am conscious to myself of many failings 
thei'ein ; I know also that a man by his conversa- 
tion may soon overthrow, what by argument or 
persuasion he doth labor to fasten upon others for 
their good. Yet this I can say, I was very wary of 
giving them occasion, by any unseemly action, to 
make them averse to going on pilgrimage. Yea, 
for this very thing they would tell me I was too 
precise, and that I denied myself of things, for their 
sakes, in which they saw no evil. Nay, I think I 
may say, that if what they saw in me did hinder 
them, it was my great tenderness in sinning against 
God, or of doing any wrong to my neighbor. 

Charity. Indeed Cain hated his brother, because 
his own works were evil, and his brother's right- 
eous ; and if thy wife and children have been offended 
with thee for this, they thereby show themselves to 
be implacable to good, and thou hast delivered thy 
soul from their blood. 

Now I saw in my dream, that thus they sat talk- 
ing together until supper was ready. So when they 
had made ready, they sat down to meat. Now the 
table was furnished with fat things, and with wine 
that was well refined ; and all their talk at the table 
was about the Lord of the hill; as, namely, about 
what he had done, wherefore he did what he did, 
and why he had builded that house. And by what 
they said, I perceived that he had been a great 
warrior, and had fought with and slain him that 
had the power of death, but not without great 




THEY READ TO HIM. 



82 THE PlLGRUrS PROGRESS. 

danger to himself, which made me love him the 
more. 

For, as they said, and as I believe (said Chris 
tian), he did it with the loss of much blood; but 
that which put glory of grace into all he did was, 
that he did it out of pure love to his country. And 
besides, there were some of them of the household 
that said they had been and spoke with him since 
he did die on the cross; and they have attested that 
they had it from his own lips, that he is such a lover 
of poor pilgrims, that the like is not to be found 
from the east to the west. 

They, moreover, gave an instance of what they 
affirmed, and that was, he had stripped himself of 
his glory, that he might do this for the poor; and 
that they heard him say and affirm that he would 
not dwell in the mountain of Zion alone. They 
said, moreover, that he had made raanj'- pilgrims 
princes, though by nature they were beggars born, 
and their original had been the dunghill. 

Thus they discoursed together till late at night ; 
and after they had committed themselves to their 
Lord for protection, they betook themselves to rest: 
the pilgrim they laid in a large upper chamber, 
whose window opened toward the sun-rising: the 
name of the chamber was Peace ; where he slept till 
break of day. 

So in the morning they all got up; and, after 
some more discourse, they told him that he should 
not depart till they had shown him the rarities of 
that place. And first they had him into the study. 



THE PlLGRUrS PROGRESS. 83 

where they showed him records of the greatest an- 
tiquity; in which, as I remember my dream, they 
showed him first the pedigree of the Lord of the 
hill, that he was the son of the Ancient of Days, 
and came by that eternal generation. Here also 
was more fully recorded the acts that he had done, 
and the names of many hundreds that he had taken 
into his service; and how he had placed them in 
such habitations, that could neither by length of 
days, nor decays of nature, be dissolved. 

Then they read to him some of the worthy acts 
that some of his servants had done : as, how they 
had "subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, 
obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, 
quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of 
the sword, out of weakness were made strong, 
waxed valiant in fight, and turned to flight the 
armies of the aliens." They then read again, in 
another part of the records of the house, where it 
was showed how wiUing their Lord was to receive 
into his favor any, even any, though they in time 
past had offered great affronts to his person and 
proceedings. 

The next day they took him and had him into 
the armory, where they showed him all manner of 
furniture, which their Lord had provided for pil- 
grims, as sword, shield, helmet, breastplate, all- 
prayer, and shoes that would not wear out. And 
there was here enough of this to harness out as 
many men for the service of their Lord as there be 
stars in the heaven for multitude. They also 



84 THE PILORUrS PROGRESS. 

showed him some of the engines with which some 
of his servants had done wonderful things. They 
showed him Moses' rod ; the hammer and nail with 
which Jael slew Sisera; the pitchers, trumpets, and 
lamps too, with which Gideon put to flight the 
armies of Midian. Then they showed him the ox's 
goad wherewith Shamgar slew six hundred men. 
They showed him also the jaw-bone with which 
Samson did such mighty feats. They showed him, 
moreover, the sling and stone with which David 
slew Goliath of Gath ; and the sword, also, with 
which their Lord will kill the Man of Sin, in the 
day that he shall rise up to the prey. They showed 
him, besides, many excellent things, with which 
Christian was much delighted. This done, they 
went to their rest again. 

Then I saw in my dream, that on the morrow he 
got up to go forward ; but they desired him to stay 
till the next day also ; and then, said they, we will, 
if the day be clear, show you the Delectable Moun- 
tains, which, they said, would yet further add to 
his comfort, because they were nearer the desired 
haven than the place where at present he was; so 
he consented and stayed. When the morning was 
up, they had him to the top of the house, and bid 
him look south; so he did: and behold, at a great 
distance, he saw a most pleasant mountainous 
country, beautiful with woods, vineyards, fruits of 
all sorts, flowers also, with springs and fountains, 
very delectable to behold. Then he asked the name 
of the country. They said it was Immanuel's 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 85 

Land; and it is as common, said they, as this hill 
is, to and for all the pilgrims. And when thou 
comest there from thence, said they, thou mayest 
see to the gate of the Celestial City, as the shep- 
herds that live there will make appear. 

Now he bethought himself of setting forward, 
and they were willing he should. But first, said 
they, let us go again into the armory. So they did ; 
and when they came there, they harnessed him from 
head to foot with what was of proof, lest, perhaps, 
he should meet with assaults on the way. He be- 
ing, therefore, thus accoutred, walketh out with his 
friends to the gate ; and there he asked the porter 
if he saw any pilgrim pass by. Then the porter 
answered, Yes. 

Christian. Pray, did you know him? said he. 

Porter. I asked him his name, and he told me it 
was Faithful. 

Christian. I know him; he is my townsman, my 
near neighbor; he comes from the place where I 
was born. How far do you think he may be before? 

Porter. He is got by this time below the hill. 

Christian. Well, good Porter, the Lord be with 
thee, and add to all thy blessings much increase, 
for the kindness that thou hast showed to me. 

Then he began to go forward ; but Discretion, 
Piety, Charity, and Prudence would accompany 
him down to the foot of the hill. So they went on 
together, reiterating their former discourses, till 
they came to go down the hill. Then said Chris- 
tian. As it was difficult coming up, so, so far as I 



86 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

can see, it is dangerous going clown. Yes, said 
Prudence, so it is, for it is a hard matter for a man 
to go down into the Valley of Humiliation, as thou 
art now, and to catch no slip by the way ; there- 
fore, said they, are we come out to accompany thee 
down the hill. So he began to go down, but very 
warily; yet he caught a slip or two. 

Then I saw in my dream that these good com- 
panions, when Christian was gone to the bottom of 
the hill, gave him a loaf of bread, a bottle of wine, 
and a cluster of raisins ; and then he went on his 
way. 

But now, in this Valley of Humiliation, jDoor 
Christian was hard put to it; for he had gone but 
a little way, before he espied a foul fiend coming 
over the field to meet him; his name is Apoll3^on. 
Then did Christian begin to be afraid, and to cast 
in his mind whether to go back or to stand his 
ground. But he considered again that he had no 
armor for his back ; and therefore thought that to 
turn the back to him might give him the greater 
advantage with ease to pierce him with his darts. 
Therefore he resolved to venture and stand his 
ground ; for, thought he, had I no more in mine 
eye than the saving of my life, it would be the best 
way to stand. 

So he went on, and Apollyon met him. Now 
the monster was hideous to behold ; he was clothed 
with scales, like a fish (and they are his pride), he 
had wings like a dragon, teet like a bear, and out 
of his belly came fire and smoke, and his mouth 



THE PILGRBI'S PROGRESS. 87 

was as the month of a lion. When he was come 
np to Christian, he beheld him with a disdainful 
countenance, and thus began to question with him. 

Apollyon. Whence came you ? and whither are 
you bound? 

Christian. I am come from the City of Destruc- 
tion, which is the place of all evil, and am going to 
the City of Zion. 

Apollyon. By this I perceive that thou art one of 
my subjects, for all that country is mine, and I am 
the prince and god of it. How is it, then, that 
thou hast run away from thy king? Were it not 
that I hope thou mayest do me more service, I 
would strike thee now, at one blow to the ground. 

Christian. I was born, indeed, in your dominions, 
but your service was hard, and your wages such as 
a man could not live on, for the wages of sin is 
death ; therefore, when I was come to years, I did 
as other considerate persons do, look out, if, per- 
haps, I might mend myself. 

Apollyon. There is no prince that will thus 
lightly lose his subjects, neither will I as yet lose 
thee ; but since thou complainest of thy service and 
wages, be content to go back; what our country 
will afford, I promise to give thee. 

Christian. But I have let myself to another, even 
to the King of princes; and how can I, with fair- 
ness, go back with thee? 

Apollyon. Thou hast done in this, according to 
the proverb, Changed a bad for a worse ; but those 
that have professed themselves his servants, after 
6 



88 THE PILGHni'S PBOGRESS. 

a while give him the slip, and return again to me. 
Do thou so too, and all shall be well. 

Christian. I have given him my faith, and sworn 
my allegiance to him; how, then, can I go back 
from this, and not be hanged as a traitor? 

Apollyon. Thou didst the same to me, and yet I 
am willing to pass by all, if now thou wilt yet turn 
again and go back. 

Christian. What I promised thee was in my 
nonage; and, besides, I count the Prince under 
whose banner now I stand is able to absolve me; 
yea, and to pardon also what I did with thee ; and 
besides, thou destroying Apollyon ! to speak truth, 
I like his service, his wages, his servants, his gov- 
ernment, his company and country, better than 
thine; and, therefore, leave off to persuade me 
further; I am his servant and I will follow him. 

Apollyon. Thou hast already been unfaithful in 
thy service to him; and how dost thou think to 
receive wages of him? 

Christian. Wherein, O Apollyon! have I been 
unfaithful to him? 

Apollyon. Thou didst faint at first setting out, 
when thou wast almost choked in the Gulf of De- 
spond ; thou didst attempt wrong ways to be rid of 
thy burden, whereas thou shouldst have stayed till 
thy Prince had taken it off; thou didst sinfully 
sleep and lose thy choice thing; thou wast, also, 
almost persuaded to go back, at the sight of the 
lions; and when thou talkest of thy journey, and of 
what thou hast heard and seen, thou art inwardly 




CHRISTIAN GIVES THANKS. 



90 THI^ PILGRBI'S PROGRESS. 

desirous of vainglory in all that thou sayest or 
doest. 

Christian. All this is true, and much more which 
thou hast left out ; but the Prince whom I serve 
and honor is merciful, and ready to forgive; but, 
besides, these infirmities possessed me in thy coun- 
try, for there I sucked them in ; and I have groaned 
imder them, been sorrry for them, and have ob- 
tained jjardon of my Prince, 

Then Apollyon broke out into a grievous rage, 
saying, I am an enemy to this Prince; I hate his 
person, his laws, and people; I am come out on 
jDurpose to withstand thee, 

CHRisriAN. Apollyon, beware what 3"ou do; fori 
am in the king's highway, the way of holiness; 
therefore take heed to yourself. 

Then Apollyon straddled quite over the whole 
breadth of the way, and said, I am void of fear in 
this matter : prepare thyself to die ; for I swear by 
my infernal den, that thou shalt go no further; 
here will I spill thy soul. And with that he threw 
a flaming dart at his breast; but Christian had a 
shield in his hand, with which he caught it, and so 
jjrevented the danger of that. 

Then did Christian draw, for he saw it was time 
to bestir him : and AjDollyon as fast made at him, 
throwing darts as thick as hail; by the which, not- 
withstanding all that Christian could do to avoid 
it, Apollyon wounded him in his head, his hand, 
and foot. This made Christian give a little back ; 
Apollyon, therefore, followed his work amain, and 



THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 91 

Christian again took courage, and resisted as man- 
fully as he could. This sore combat lasted for 
above half a day, till Christian was quite spent; for 
you must know that Christian, by reason of his 
wounds, must needs grow weaker and weaker. 

Then Apollyon began to gather up close to Chris- 
tian, and wrestling with him, gave him a dreadful 
fall; and with that Christian's sword flew out of 
his hand. Then said Apollyon, I am sure of thee 
now. And with that he had almost pressed him to 
death, so that Christian began to despair of life: 
but as God would have it, while Apollyon was 
fetching of his last blow, thereby to make a full 
end of this good man, Christian nimbly stretched 
out his hand for his sword, and caught it, saying, 
Eejoice not against me, O mine enemy : when I fall 
I shall arise; and with that gave him a deadly 
thrust, which made him give back, as one that had 
received his mortal wound. Christian perceiving 
that, made at him again, saying, Nay, in all these 
things we are more than conquerors through him 
that loved us. And with that Apollyon sj^read 
forth his dragon's wings, and sped him away, that 
Christian for a season saw him no more. 

In this combat no man can imagine, unless he 
had seen and heard as I did, what yelling and hid- 
eous roaring Apollyon made all the time of the fight 
— he spake like a dragon; and, on the other side, 
what sighs and groans burst from Christian's heart. 
I never saw him all the while give so much as one 
pleasant look, till he perceived he had wounded 



92 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Apollyon with his two-edged sword; then, iDdeed, 
he did smile, and look upward ; but it was the dread- 
fulest sight that ever I saw. So when the battle 
was over, Christian said, I will here give thanks to 
him that delivered me out of the mouth of the lion, 
to him that did help me against Apollyon. 

Then there came to him a hand, with some of 
the leaves of the tree of life, the which Christian 
took, and applied to the wounds that he had re- 
ceived in the battle, and was healed immediately. 
He also sat down in that place to eat bread, and to 
drink of the bottle that was given him a little be- 
fore; so, being refreshed, he addressed himself to 
his journey, with his sword drawn in his hand ; for 
he said, I know not but some other enemy may be 
at hand. But he met with no other affront from 
Apollyon quite through this valley. 

Now, at the end of this valley was another, called 
the Valley of the Shadow of Death, and Christian 
must needs go through it, because the way to the 
Celestial City lay through the midst of it. Now, 
this valley is a very solitary place. The prophet 
Jeremiah thus describes it: A wilderness, a land of 
deserts and of pits, a land of drought, and of the 
shadow of death, a land that no man (but a Chris- 
tian) passed through, and where no man dwelt. 

Now here Christian was worse put to it than in 
his fight with Apollyon : as you shall see. 

I saw then in my dream, that when Christian 
was got to the borders of the Shadow of Death, 
there met him two men, children of them that 




ONE OF THE IMPS HISSED IN HIS EAR. 



94 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

brought up an evil report of the good land, making 
haste to go back ; to whom Christian spake as 
follows : 

Christian. Whither are you going? 

Men. Back ! back ! and we would have you to do 
so too, if life or peace is prized by you. 

Christian. Why, what's the matter? 

Men. Matter! we were going that way as you 
are going, and went as far as we durst; and indeed 
we were almost past coming back ; for had we gone 
a little farther we had not been here to bring the 
news to thee. 

Christian. But what have you met with? 

Men. Why, we were almost in the Valley of the 
Shadow of Death; but that, by good hap, we looked 
before us, and saw the danger before we came 
to it. 

Christian. But what have you seen? 

Men. Seen ! Why, the Valley itself, which is as 
dark as pitch ; we also saw there the hobgoblins, 
satyrs, and dragons of the pit; we heard also in 
that Valley a continual howling and yelling, as of 
a people under unutterable misery, who there sat 
bound in affliction and irons ; and over that Valley 
hang the discouraging clouds of confusion. Death 
also doth always spread his wings over it. In a 
word, it is dreadful, being utterly without order. 

Christian. I perceive not yet, by what you have 
said, but that this is my way to the desired haven. 

Men. Be it thy way; we will not choose it for 
ours. So they parted, and Christian went on his 



THE PILGRBl'S PROGRESS. 95 

way, bnt still with his sword drawn in his hand, 
for fear lest he should be assaulted. 

I saw then in my dream so far as this valley 
reached, there was on the right hand a very deep 
ditch ; that ditch is it into which the blind have 
led the blind in all ages, and both have there miser- 
ably perished. Again, behold, on the left hand, 
there was a very dangerous quag, into which, if 
even a good man falls, he can find no bottom for 
his foot to stand on. Into that quag king David 
once did fall, and had no doubt therein been smoth- 
ered, had not PIe that is able plucked him out. 

The pathway was here also exceedingly narrow, 
and therefore good Christian was the more put to 
it; for when he sought, in the dark, to shun the 
ditch on the one hand, he was ready to tip over 
into the mire on the other; also when he sought 
to escape the mire, without great carefulness he 
would be ready to fall into the ditch. Thus he 
went on, and I heard him here sigh bitterly ; for, 
besides the dangers mentioned above, the pathway 
was here so dark, that ofttimes, when he lift up 
his foot to set forward, he knew not where or upon 
what he should set it next. 

About the midst of this valley, I perceived the 
mouth of hell to be, and it stood also hard by the 
way-side. Now, thought Christian, what shall I 
do? And ever and anon the flame and smoke 
would come out in such abundance, with sparks 
and hideous noises (things that cared not for Chris- 
tian's sword, as did Apollyon before), that he was 



96 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

forced to put up his sword, and betake himself to 
another weapon called All-prayer. So he cried in 
my hearing, O Lord, I beseech thee, deliver my 
soul! Thus he went on a great while, yet still the 
flames would be reaching towards him. Also he 
heard doleful voices, and rushings to and fro, so 
that sometimes he thought he should be torn in 
pieces, or trodden down like mire in the streets. 
This frightful sight was seen and these dreadful 
noises were heard by him for several miles together; 
and, coming to a place where he thought he heard 
a company of fiends coming forward to meet him, 
he stopped, and began to muse what he had best to 
do. Sometimes he had half a thought to go back ; 
then again he thought he might be half way 
through the valley; he remembered also how he 
had already vanquished many a danger, and that 
the danger of going back might be much more than 
for to go forward; so he resolved to goon. Yet 
the fiends seemed to come nearer and nearer ; but 
when they were come even almost at him, he cried 
out with a most vehement voice, I will walk in the 
strength of the Lord God ! so they gave back, and 
came no further. 

One thing I would not let slip ; I took notice that 
now poor Christian was so confounded, that he did 
not know his own voice ; and thus I perceived it. 
Just when he was come over against the mouth of 
the burning pit, one of the wicked ones got behind 
him, and stepped up softly to him, and whisperingly 
suggested many grievous blasphemies to him, which 




FAITHFUL CAME TO HELP HIM. 



08 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, 

he verily thought had proceeded from his own mind. 
This put Christian more to it than anything that 
he met with before, even to think that he should 
now blaspheme him that he loved so much before ; 
yet if he could have helped it, he would not have 
done it; but he had not the discretion either to stop 
his ears, or to know from whence these blasphemies 
came. 

When Christian had travelled in this disconsolate 
condition some considerable time, he thought he 
heard the voice of a man, as going before him, say- 
ing, Though I walk through the valley of the 
shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for thou art 
with me. 

Then he was glad, and that for these reasons: 
First, Because he gathered from thence, that some 
who feared God were in this valley as well as him- 
self. Secondly^ For that he perceived God was 
with them, though in that dark and dismal state; 
and why not, thought he, with me? though, by 
reason of the impediment that attends this place, 
I cannot perceive it, TliircUy, For that he hoped, 
could he overtake them, to have company by and 
by. So he went on, and called to him that was be- 
fore; but he knew not what to answer; for that he 
also thought himself to be alone. And by and by 
the day broke; then said Christian, He hath turned 
the shadow of death into the morning. 

In this light, therefore, he came to the end of the 
valley. Now I saw in my dream, that at the end 
of this valley lay blood, bones, ashes, and mangled 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 99 

bodies of men, even of pilgrims that had gone this 
way formerly ; and while I was musing what should 
be the reason, I espied a little before me a cave, 
where two giants. Pope and Pagan, dwelt in old 
time ; by whose power and tyranny the men whose 
bones, blood, ashes, etc., lay there, were cruelly put 
to death. But by this place Christian went without 
much danger, whereat I somewhat wondered ; but 
I have learnt since, that Pagan has been dead many 
a day ; and as for the other, though he be yet alive, 
he is, by reason of age, and also of the many shrewd 
brushes that he met with in his younger days, 
grown so crazy and stiff in his joints, that he can 
now do little more than sit in his cave's mouth 
grinning at pilgrims as they go by, and biting his 
nails because he cannot come at them. 

So I saw that Christian went on his way ; yet, 
at the sight of the Old Man that sat in the mouth 
of the cave, he could not tell what to think, espe- 
cially because he spake to them, though he could 
not go after him, saying. You will never mend till 
more of you be burned. But he held his peace, and 
so went by and caught no hurt. 

As he went on his way, he came to a little ascent, 
which was cast up on purpose that pilgrims might 
see before them. Up there, therefore, Christian 
went, and looking forward, he saw Faithful before 
him, upon his journey. Then said Christian aloud, 
Ho ! ho ! Soho I stay, and I will be your companion ! 
At that. Faithful looked behind him; to whom 
^Christian cried again, Stay, stay, till I come up to 



100 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

you. But Faithful answered, No, I am upon my 
life, and the avenger of blood is behind me. 

At this. Christian was somewhat moved, and 
putting to all his strength, he quickly got up with 
Faithful, and did also overrun him ; so the last was 
first. Then did Christian vain-gloriously smile, 
because he had gotten the start of his brother ; but 
not taking good heed to his feet, he suddenly 
stumbled and fell, and could not rise again until 
Faithful came up to help him. 

Then I saw in my dream they went very lovingly 
on together, and had sweet discourse of all things 
that had happened to them in their pilgrimage; 
and thus Christian began: My honored and well- 
beloved brother, Faithful, I am glad that I have 
overtaken you ; and that God has so tempered our 
spirits, that we can walk in so pleasant a path. 

Faithful. I had thought to have had your com- 
pany quite far from our town ; but you did get the 
start of me, wherefore I was forced to come thus 
much of the way alone. 

Christian. How long did you stay in the City of 
Destruction, before you set out after me? 

Faithful, Till I could stay no longer; for there 
was great talk presently after you were gone out, 
that our city would in a short time, with fire from 
heaven, be burned down to the ground. 

Christian. What! did your neighbors talk so? 

Faithful. Yes, it was in everybody's mouth. 

Christian. What! and did no more of them but 
you come out to escape the danger? 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 101 

Faithful. Though there was, as I said, a great 
talk thereabout, yet I do not think they did firmly 
believe it. For in the heat of the discourse, I heard 
some of them deridingly speak of you and of your 
desperate journey (for so they called this your pil- 
grimage), but I did believe, and do still, that the 
end of our city will be with fire and brimstone from 
above; and therefore I have made my escape. 

Christian. Did you hear no talk of Pliable? 

Faithful. Yes, Christian, I heard that he fol- 
lowed you till he came at the Slough of Despond, 
where, as some said, he fell in; but he would not 
be known to have so done ; but I am sure he was 
soundly bedabbled with that kind of dirt. 

Christian. And what said the neighbors to him? 

Faithful. He hath, since his going back, been 
held greatly in derision, and that among all sorts of 
people ; some do mock and despise him ; and scarce 
will any set him on work. He is now worse than 
if he had never gone out of the city. 

Christian. But why should they be so set against 
him, since they also despise the way that he forsook? 

Faithful. Oh, they say, hang him, he is a turn- 
coat ! he was not true to his profession. I think 
God has stirred up even his enemies to hiss at him, 
because he hath forsaken the way. 

Christian. Had you no talk with him before you 
came out? 

Faithful. I met him once in the streets, but he 
leered away on the other side, as one ashamed of 
what he had done ; so I spake not to him. 



102 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Chrtstian. Well, at my first setting out, I had 
hopes of that man ; but now I fear he will perish in 
the overthrow of the city ; for it is happened to him 
according to the true proverb, The dog is turned to 
his own vomit again ; and the sow that was washed, 
to her wallowing in the mire. 

Faithful. These are my fears of him too; but 
who can hinder that which will be? 

Christian. Well, neighbor Faithful, let us leave 
him, and talk of things that more immediately 
concern ourselves. Tell me now what .you have 
met with in the way as you came ; for I know you 
have met with some things, or else it may be writ 
for a wonder. 

Faithful. I escaped the Slough that I perceived 
you fell into, and got up to the gate without that 
danger. When I came to the foot of the hill called 
Difficulty, I met with a very aged man, who asked 
me what I was, and whither bound. I told him 
that I am a pilgrim, going to the Celestial City. 
He said. Thou lookest like an honest fellow; wilt 
thou be content to dwell with me for the wages that 
I shall give thee? Then I asked him his name, and 
where he dwelt. He said his name was Adam the 
First, and that he dwelt in the town of Deceit. I 
asked him then what was his work, and what the 
wages that he would give. He told me, that his 
work was many delights; and his wages, that I 
should be his heir at last. I further asked him 
what house he kept, and what other servants he 
had. So he told me, that his house was maintained 



THE PILGRBI'S PROGRESS. lOa 

with all the dainties in the world ; and that his ser- 
vants were those of his own begetting. Then I 
asked if he had any children. He said that he had 
but three daughters: the Lust of the Flesh, the 
Lust of the Eyes, and the Pride of Life, and that I 
should marry them all if I would. Then I asked 
how long time he would have me live with him? 
And he told me, As long as he lived himself. At 
first, I found myself somewhat inclined to go with 
the man, but looking in his forehead I saw there 
written, Put off the old man with his deeds. 

Christian. And how then? 

Faithful. Then it came into my mind, whatever 
he said, and however he flattered, when he got me 
home to his house he would sell me for a slave. So 
I bid him cease to talk, for I would not come near 
the door of his house. He reviled me, and told me 
that he would send such a one after me, that should 
make my way bitter to my soul. So I turned to 
go awa}" from him; but just as I turned myself to 
go thence, I felt him take hold of my flesh, and 
give me such a deadly twitch back, that I thought 
he had pulled part of me after himself. This made 
me cry, Oh, wretched man ! So I went on my way 
up the hill. Now when I had got about half-way 
up, I looked behind, and saw one coming after me, 
swift as the wind ; so he overtook me just about 
the place where the settle stands. 

Christian. Just there did I sit down to rest me; 
but being overcome with sleep, I there lost this roll 
out of my bosom. 



104 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Faithful. But, good brother, hear me out. So 
soon as the man overtook me, he was but a word 
and a blow, for down he knocked me, and laid me 
for dead. But when I was a little come to myself 
again, I asked him wherefore he served me so. 
He said, because of my secret inclining to Adam 
the First: and with that he struck me another 
deadly blow on the breast, and beat me down back- 
ward ; so I lay at his foot as dead as before. So, 
when I came to myself again, I cried him mercy ; 
but he said, I know not how to show mercy ; and 
with that knocked me down again. He had doubt- 
less made an end of me, but that one came by, and 
bid him cease. 

Christian. Who was that that bid him cease? 

Faithful. I did not know Him at first, but as he 
went by, I perceived the holes in His hands and in 
His side; then I concluded that He was our Lord. 
So I went up the hill. 

Christian. That man that overtook you was 
Moses. He spareth none, neither knoweth he how 
to show mercy to those that transgress his law. 

Faithful. I know it very well ; it was not the 
first time that he has met with me. It was he that 
came to me when I dwelt securely at home, and 
that told me he would burn my house over my head 
if I stayed there. 

Christian. But did you not see the house that 
stood there on the top of the hill, on the side of 
which Moses met you? 

Faithful. Yes, and the lions too, before I came 




A MAN WHOSE NAME IS TALKATIVE. 



106 THE PlLGRnrS PROGRESIS. 

at it: but for the lions, I think they were asleep, 
for it was about noon ; and because I had so much 
of the day before me, I passed by the j^orter, and 
came down the hill. 

Christian. He told me, indeed, that he saw you 
^o by, but I wished you had called at the house, 
for they would have showed you so many rarities, 
that you would scarce have forgot them to the day 
of your death. But pray tell me, Did you meet 
nobody in the Valley of Humility ? 

Faithful. Yes, I met with one Discontent who 
would willingly have persuaded me to go back 
again with him; his reason was for that the valley 
was altogether without honor. He told me, more- 
over, that there to go was the way to disobey 
all my friends, as Pride, Arrogancy, Self-conceit, 
Worldly-glory, with others, who, he knew, as he 
said, would be very much offended, if I made such 
a fool of myself as to wade through this valley. 

Christian. Met you with nothing else in that 
v^alley? 

Faithful. Yes, I met with Shame; but of all the 
men that I met with in my pilgrimage, he, I think, 
bears the wrong name. The others would be said 
nay, after a little argument, and somewhat else; 
but this bold-faced Shame would never have done. 

Christian. Why, what did he say to you? 

Faithful. What! why, he objected against re- 
ligion itself; he said it was a pitiful, low, sneaking 
business for a man to mind religion ; he said that 
a tender conscience was an unmanly thing; and 



THE PILGRBI'S PROGRESS. 107 

that for a man to watch over his words and ways, 
so as to tie up himself from that hectoring liber- 
ty that the brave spirits of the times accustom 
themselves unto, would make him the ridicule of 
the times. He objected also, that but few of the 
mighty, rich, or wise, were ever of my opinion; 
nor any of them neither, before they were persuaded 
to be fools, and to be of a voluntary fondness, to 
venture the loss of all, for nobody knows what. 
He, moreover, objected the base and low estate and 
condition of those that were chiefly the pilgrims, of 
the times in which they lived ; also their ignorance 
and want of understanding in all natural science. 

Christian, I am glad, my brother, that thou didst 
withstand this villain so bravely. 

Faithful. I think we must cry to Him for help 
against Shame, who would have us to be valiant 
for the truth upon the earth. 

Christian, You say true ; but did you meet no- 
body else in that valley? 

Faithful, No, not I ; for I had sunshine all the 
rest of the way through that, and also through the 
Valley of the Shadow of Death, 

Christian. It was well for you. I am sure it 
fared far otherwise with me; I had for a long sea- 
son, as soon almost as I entered into that valley, a 
dreadful combat with that foul fiend Apollyon ; yea, 
I thought verily he would have killed me, especially 
when he got me down and crushed me under him, 
as if he would have crushed me to pieces ; for as he 
threw me, my sword flew out of my hand ; nay, he 



108 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

told me he was sure of me : but I cried to God, and 
He heard me, and delivered me out of all my 
troubles. Then I entered into the Valley of the 
Shadow of Death, and had no light for almost half 
the way through it. I thought I should have been 
killed there over and over ; but at last day broke, 
and the sun rose, and I went through that Wxiich 
was behind with far more ease and quiet. 

Moreover, I saw in my dream, that as they went 
on. Faithful, as he chanced to look on one side, saw 
a man whose name is Talkative walking at a dis- 
tance beside them; for in this place there was room 
enough for them all to walk. He was a tall man, 
and something more comely at a distance than at 
hand. To this man Faithful addressed himself in 
this manner: 

Faithful. Friend, are you going to the heavenly 
country? 

Talkative. I am going to the same place. 

Faithful. That is well ; then I hope we may have 
your good company. 

Talkative. I shall be glad to be your companion. 

Faithful. Come on, then, and let us go together, 
and let us spend our time in discoursing of things 
that are profitable. 

Talkative. To talk of things that are good, to me 
is very acceptable, with you or with any other; and 
I am glad that I have met with those that incline to 
so good a work; for, to speak the truth, there are 
but few that care thus to spend their time as they 
are in their travels, but choose much rather to be 




.2 



no THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

speaking of things to no profit; and this hath been 
a trouble to me. 

Faithful. That is indeed a thing to be lamented ; 
for what things so worthy of the use of the tongue 
and mouth of men on earth as are the things of 
the God of heaven? 

Talkative. I like you wonderful well, for your 
sayings are full of conviction; and I will add, what 
thing is so pleasant, and what so profitable, as to 
talk of the things of God? What things so pleas- 
ant (that is, if man hath any delight in things that 
are wonderful) ? For instance, if a man doth de- 
light to talk of the history or the mystery of things; 
or if a man doth love to talk of miracles, wonders, 
or signs, where shall he find things recorded so 
delightful, and so sweetly penned, as in the Holy 
Scripture? 

Faithful. That is true ; but to be profited by such 
things in our talk should be that which we design. 

Talkative. That is it that I said ; for to talk of 
such things is most profitable; for by so doing a 
man may get knowledge of many things: as of the 
vanity of earthly things, and the benefit of things 
above. Thus, in general, but more particularly by 
this, a man may learn the necessity of the new 
birth, the insufficiency of our works, the need of 
Christ's righteousness, etc. Besides, by this a man 
may learn, by talk, what it is to repent, to believe, 
to pray, to suffer, or the like; by this also a man 
may learn what are the great promises and consola- 
tions of the gospel, to his own comfort. Further, 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. Ill 

by this a man may learn to refute false opinions, 
to vindicate the truth, and also to instruct the 
ignorant. 

Faithful. All this is true, and glad am I to hear 
these things from you. 

Talkative, Alas ! the want of this is the cause 
why so few understand the need of faith, and the 
necessity of a work of grace in their soul, in order 
to eternal life; but ignorantly live in the works of 
the law, by which a man can by no means obtain 
the kingdom of heaven. 

Faithful. By your leave, heavenly knowledge of 
these is the gift of God ; no man obtaineth them by 
human industry, or only by the talk of them. 

Talkative. All this I know very well ; for a man 
can receive nothing, except it be given him from 
heaven ; all is of grace, not of works. I could give 
you a hundred scriptures to confirm this. 

Faithful. Well, then, what is that one thing that 
we shall at this time found our discourse upon? 

Talkative. What you will. I will talk of things 
heavenly, or things earthly; things moral, or things 
evangelical; things sacred, or things profane; 
things past, or things to come; things foreign, or 
things at home ; things more essential, or circum- 
stantial ; provided that all be done to our profit. 

Now did Faithful begin to wonder; and stepping 
to Christian (for he walked all this while by him- 
self), he said to him (but softly), What a brave 
companion have we got ! Surely this man will make 
a very excellent pilgrim. 



112 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

At this Christian modestly smiled, and said, This 
man, with whom you are so taken, will beguile, 
with that tongue of his, twenty of them that know 
him not. 

Faithful. Do you know him then? 

Christian. Know him ! Yes, better than he 
knows himself. 

Faithful. Pray, what is he? 

Christian. His name is Talkative ; he dwelleth in 
our town. I wonder that you should be a stranger 
to him, only I consider that our town is large. 

Faithful. Whose son is he? And whereabout 
does he dwell? 

Christian. He is the son of one Say-well; he 
dwelt in Prating Row ; and is known of all that are 
acquainted with him by the name of Talkative in 
Prating Row ; and notwithstanding his fine tongue, 
he is but a sorry fellow. 

Faithful. But I am ready to think you do but 
jest, because you smiled. 

Christian. God forbid that I should jest (al- 
though I smiled) in this matter, or that I should 
accuse any falsely ! I will give you a further dis- 
covery of him. This man is for any company, and 
for any talk ; religion hath no place in his heart, 
or house, or conversation; all he hath lieth in his 
tongue, and his religion is to make a noise there- 
with. 

Faithful. Say you so ! then am I in this man 
greatly deceived. 

Christian. Deceived you may be sure of it; re- 



114 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

member the jDroverb, They say and do not. But 
the kingdom of God is not in word, but in power. 
He talketh of prayer, of repentance, of faith, and 
of the new birth; but he knows but only to talk of 
them. I have been in his family, and have observed 
him both at home and abroad; and I know what I 
say of him is the truth. His house is as empty of 
religion as the white of an egg is of savor. 

Faithful. Well, my brother, I am bound to be- 
lieve you; not only because you say you know him, 
but also because, like a Christian, you make your 
reports of men. For I cannot think that you speak 
these things of ill-will, but because it is as you say. 

Christian. Had I known him no more than you, 
I might perhaps have thought of him, as, at the 
first, you did; yea, had he received this report at 
their hands only that are enemies to religion, I 
should have thought it had been a slander — a lot 
that often falls from bad men's mouths upon good 
men's names and professions; but all these things, 
yea, and a great many more as bad, of my own 
knowledge, I can prove him guilty of. Besides, 
good men are ashamed of him ; they can neither 
all him brother nor friend; naming of him among 
them makes them blush, if they know him. 

Faithful. Well, I see that saying and doing are 
two things, and hereafter I shall better observe this 
distinction. 

Thus they went on talking of what they had seen 
by the way, and so made that way easy which 
would otherwise, no doubt, have been tedious to 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 115 

them; for now they went through a wilderness. 
Now, when they were got almost quite out of this 
wilderness, Faithful chanced to cast his eye back, 
and espied one coming after them, and he knew 
him. Oh! said Faithful to his brother, Who comes 
yonder? Then Christian looked, and said, It is my 
good friend Evangelist. Ay, and my good friend 
too, said Faithful, for it was he that set me the 
way to the gate. Now was Evangelist come up to 
them, and thus saluted them : Peace be with you, 
dearly beloved ; and peace be to your helpers. 

Christian. Welcome, my good Evangelist; the 
sight of thy countenance brings to my remembrance 
thy ancient kindness and unwearied laboring for 
my eternal good. 

Faithful. And a thousand times welcome. Thy 
company, O sweet Evangelist, how desirable it is 
to us poor pilgrims ! 

Evangelist. How hath it fared with you, my 
friends, since the time of our last parting? What 
have you met with, and how have you behaved 
yourselves? 

Then Christian and Faithful told him of all things 
that had happened to them in the way ; and how, 
and with what difficulty, they had arrived to that 
place. 

Evangelist. Eight glad am I, not that you have 
met with trials, but that you have been victors; 
and for that you have, notwithstanding many 
weaknesses, continued in the way to this very day. 

I say, right glad am I of this thing, and that for 



116 THE PILGRBI'S PROGRESS. 

mine own sake and yours. I have sowed, and you 
have reaped : and the day is coming when botii lie 
that sowed and they that reaped shall rejoice to- 
gether; that is, if you hold out: for in due season 
3^e shall reap, if ye faint not. The crown is before 
you, and it is an incorruptible one; so run that you 
may obtain it. Some there be that set out for this 
crown, and, after they have gone far for it, another 
comes in and takes it from them ; hold fast, there- 
fore, that you have; let no man take your crown. 

Then I saw in my dream, that when they were 
got out of the wilderness, they presently saw a town 
before them, and the name of that town is Vanity; 
and at the town there is a fair kept, called Vanity 
Fair; it is kept all the year long; it beareth the 
name of Vanity Fair, because the town where it is 
kept is lighter than vanity ; and also because all 
that is there sold, or that cometh thither, is vanity. 
As is the saying of the wise, all that cometh is 
vanity. 

This fair is no new-erected business, but a thing 
of ancient standing; I will show you the original of 
it. Almost five thousand years agone, there were 
pilgrims walking to the Celestial City, as these two 
honest persons are; and Beelzebub, Apollyon, and 
Legion, with their companions, perceiving by the 
path that the pilgrims made that their way to the 
city lay through this town of Vanity, they contrived 
here to set up a fair wherein should be sold all sorts 
of vanity, and that it should last all the year long; 
therefore at this fair are all such merchandise 



/■ 1/ 





vf-^: 



l^,^.,^ 



/J ^ , 



BURNING AT THE STAKE. 



118 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

sold as houses, lands, trades, places, honors, prefer- 
ments, titles, countries, kingdoms, lusts, pleasures, 
and delights of all sorts; as wives, husbands, chil- 
dren, masters, servants, lives, blood, bodies, souls, 
silver, gold, pearls, precious stones, and v^diat not. 

And, moreover, at this fair there is at all times 
to be seen juggling, cheats, games, plays, fools, 
apes, knaves, and rogues, and that of every kind. 
Here are to be seen, too, thefts, murders, false swear- 
ers, and that of a blood-red color. 

And as in other fairs of less moment, there are 
several rows and streets, under their proper names, 
where such and such wares are vended ; so here 
likewise you have the proper places, rows, streets 
(viz., countries and kingdoms), where the wares of 
this fair are soonest to be found. Here is the 
Britain Row, the French Row, the Italian Row, the 
Spanish Row, the German Row, where several sorts 
of vanities are to be sold. But, as in other fairs, 
some one commodity is as the chief of all the fair, 
so the ware of Rome and her merchandise is greatly 
promoted in this fair; only our English nation, with 
some others, have taken a dislike thereat. 

Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial Cit}' lies 
just through this town where this lusty fair is kept; 
and he that will go to the City, and yet not go 
through this town, must needs go out of the world. 
The Prince of princes himself, when here, went 
through this town to his own country, and that 
upon a fair day too; yea, and as I think, it was 
Beelzebub, the chief lord of this fair, that invited 



THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 119 

him to buy of his vanities; yea, would have made 
him lord of the fair, would he but have done him 
reverence as he went through the town. Yea, be- 
cause he was such a person of honor, Beelzebub had 
him from street to street, and showed him all the 
kingdoms of the world in a little time, that he 
might, if possible, allure the Blessed One to cheapen 
and buy some of his vanities; but he had no mind 
to the merchandise, and therefore left the town, 
without laying out so much as one farthing upon 
these vanities. This fair, therefore, is an ancient 
thing, of long standing, and a very great fair. 
Now these pilgrims, as I said, must needs go through 
this fair. Well, so they did: but, behold, even as 
they entered into the fair, all the people in the fair 
were moved, and the town itself as it were in a 
hubbub about them. 

One chanced mockingly to say unto them, What 
will ye buy? But they answered. We buy the truth. 
At that there was an occasion taken to despise the 
men the more; some mocking, some taunting, some 
speaking reproachfully, and some calling upon oth- 
ers to smite them. At last things came to a hub- 
bub and a great stir in the fair, insomuch that all 
order was confounded. Now was word presently 
brought to the great one of the fair, who quickly 
came down and deputed some of his most trusty 
friends to take these men into examination, about 
whom the fair was almost overturned. So the men 
were brought to examination ; and they that sat 
upon them, asked them whence they came, whither 



120 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

they went, and what they did there, in such an un- 
usual garb. The men told them that they were 
pilgrims and strangers in the world, and that they 
were going to their own country, which was the 
heavenly Jerusalem ; and that they had given no 
occasion to the men of the town thus to abuse 
them, and to let them in their journey, except it 
was for that, when one asked them what they 
would buy, they said they would buy the truth. 
But they that were appointed to examine them did 
not believe them to be any other than bedlams and 
mad, or else such as came to put all things into 
a confusion in the fair. Therefore they took them 
and beat them, and besmeared them with dirt, and 
put them into the cage, that they might be made a 
spectacle to all the men of the fair. 

There, therefore, they lay for some time, and 
were made the objects of any man's sport or malice 
or revenge, the great one of the fair laughing still 
at all that befell them. But the men being patient, 
and not rendering railing for railing, but contrari- 
wise, blessing, and giving good words for bad, and 
kindness for injuries done, some men in the fair 
that were more observing, and less prejudiced than 
the rest, began to check and blame the baser sort 
for their continual abuses done by them to the men ; 
they, therefore, in angry manner, let fly at them 
again, counting them as bad as the men in the cage, 
and telling them that they seemed confederates and 
should be made partakers of their misfortunes. The 
others replied, that for aught they could see, the 



y^_ 







HOPEFUL JOINS HIM. 



122 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

men were quiet, and sober, and intended nobody 
any harm ; and that there were many that traded 
in their fair that were more worthy to be put into 
the cage, yea, and pillory too, than were the men 
they had abused. Thus, after divers words had 
passed on both sides, the men behaving themselves 
all the while very wisely and soberly before them, 
they fell to some blows among themselves, and did 
harm one to another. Then were these two poor 
men brought before their examiners again, and there 
charged as being guilty of the late hubbub that had 
been in the fair. So they beat them pitifully, and 
hanged irons upon them, and led them in chains 
up and down the fair, for an example and a terror 
to others, lest any should speak in their behalf, or 
join themselves unto them. But Christian and 
Faithful behaved themselves yet more wisely, and 
received the ignominy and shame that was cast 
upon them with so much meekness and patience 
that it won to their side, though but few in com- 
parison of the rest, several of the men in the fair. 
This put the other party yet into greater rage, inso- 
much that they concluded the death of these two 
men. Wherefore they threatened, that the cage 
nor irons should serve their turn, but that they 
should die, for the abuse they had done, and for 
deluding the men of the fair. 

Then were they remanded to the cage again, 
until further order should be taken with them. So 
they put them in, and made their feet fast in the 
stocks. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 123 

Here, therefore, they called again to mind what 
they had heard from their faithful friend Evangel- 
ist, and were the more confirmed in their way and 
sufferings by what he told them would happen to 
them. They also now comforted each other, that 
whose lot it was to suffer, even he should have the 
best of it ; therefore each man secretly wished that 
he might have that preferment: but committing 
themselves to the all-wise disposal of Him that ruleth 
all things, with much content, they abode in the 
condition in which they were until they should be 
otherwise disposed of. 

Then a convenient time being appointed, they 
brought them forth to their trial, in order to their 
condemnation. When the time was come, they 
were brought before their enemies and arraigned. 
The judge's name was Lord Hate-good. Their in- 
dictment was one and the same in substance, though 
somewhat varying in form, the contents whereof 
were this: — 

That they were enemies to and disturbers of 
their trade; that they had made commotions and 
divisions in the town, and had won a party to their 
own most dangerous opinions, in contempt of the 
law of their prince. 

Then Faithful began to answer that he had only 
set himself against that which hath set itself against 
him that is higher than the highest. And, said he, 
as for disturbance, I make none, being myself a 
man of peace; the parties that were won to us, 
were won by beholding our truth and innocence, 



124 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

and they are only turned from the worse to the 
better. And as to the king you talk of, since he is 
Beelzebub, the enemy of our Lord, I defy him and 
all his angels. 

Then proclamation was made, that they that had 
aught to say for their lord the king against the 
prisoner at the bar, should forthwith appear and 
give in their evidence. So there came in three wit- 
nesses, to wit, Envy, Superstition, and Pickthank. 
They were then asked if they knew the prisoner at 
the bar ; and what they had to say for their lord the 
king against him. 

Then stood forth Envy, and said to this effect : 
My Lord, I have known this man a long time, and 
will attest upon my oath that he is one of the vilest 
men in our country. He neither regardeth prince 
nor people, law nor custom ; but doth all that he can 
to possess all men with certain of his disloyal notions, 
which he in the general calls principles of faith and 
holiness. And, in particular, I heard him once 
myself affirm that Christianity and the customs of 
our town of Vanit}' could not be reconciled. By 
which saying, my Lord, he doth at once not only 
condemn all our laudable doings, but us in the 
doing of them. 

Then they called Superstition, and bid him look 
upon the prisoner. They also asked what he could 
say for their lord the king against him. 

Superstition. My Lord, I have no great acquaint- 
ance with this man, but I know that he is a very 
pestilent fellow, from some discourse I had with 



;.' > V ^ 



^0,^-'^^ 
















AS THEY CAME UP, HE MADE THEM A LOW BOW. 



12G THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

him in tiiis town ; for then, talking with him, I 
heard him say that our religion was naught, and 
such by which a man could by no means please God. 

Then was Pickthank bid to say what he knew, in 
behalf of their lord the king, against the prisoner 
at the bar. 

Pickthank. My Lord, and you gentlemen all, this 
fellow I have known of a long time, and have heard 
him speak things that ought not to bespoke; for he 
hath railed on our noble prince Beelzebub, and hath 
spoken contemptibly of his honorable friends, and 
all the rest of our nobility ; and he hath said that 
if all men were of his mind, if possible, there is 
none of these noblemen should have any longer a 
being in this town. Besides, he hath not been 
afraid to rail on you, my Lord, who are now ap- 
pointed to be his judge, calling you an ungodly 
villain, with many other such like vilifying terms, 
with which he hath bespattered most of the gentry 
of our town. 

When this Pickthank had told his tale, the Judge 
directed his speech to the prisoner at the bar, say- 
ing, Thou runagate, heretic, and traitor, hast thou 
heard what these honest gentlemen have witnessed 
against thee? 

Faithful. May I speak a few words in my own 
defence? 

Judge. Sirrah ! thou deservest to live no longer, 
but to be slain immediately upon the place; yet, 
that all men may see our gentleness towards thee, 
let us hear what thou, vile runagate, hast to sa}'. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 127 

Faithful. 1. I say, then, in answer to what Envy- 
hath spoken, I never said aught but this, That what 
rule, or laws, or customs, or people, were flat 
against the Word of God, are diametrically opposite 
to Christianity. If I have said amiss in this, con- 
vince me of my error, and I am ready hore before 
you to make my recantation. 

2. As to the second, to wit, Superstition, and his 
charge against me, I said only this. That in the 
worship of God there is required a Divine faith ; but 
there can be no Divine faith without a Divine rev- 
elation of the will of God. Therefore, whatever i& 
thrust into the worship of God that is not agreeable 
to Divine revelation, cannot be done but by a human 
faith, which faith will not be profitable to eternal 
life. 

3. As to what Pickthank hath said, I say that 
the prince of this town, with all the rabblement, his 
attendants, by this gentleman named, are more fit 
for a being in hell than in this town and country : 
and so, the Lord have mercy upon me ! 

Then the Judge called to the jury. Gentlemen of 
the jury, you see this man about whom so great an 
uproar hath been made in this town. You have 
also heard what these worth}'' gentlemen have wit- 
nessed against him. Also you have heard his reply 
and confession. It lieth now in your breasts to 
hang him or save his life ; but yet I think meet to 
instruct you into our law. 

There was an Act made in the days of Pharaoh 
the Great, servant to our prince, that lest those of 



128 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

a contrary religion should multiply and grow too 
strong for him, their males should be thrown into 
the river. There was also an Act made in the days 
of Nebuchadnezzar the Great, another of his serv- 
ants, that whosoever would not fall down and wor- 
ship his golden image, should be thrown into a fiery 
furnace. There was also an Act made in the days 
of Darius, that whoso, for some time, called upon 
any god but him, should be cast into the lions' den. 
Now the substance of these laws this rebel has 
broken, not only in thought (which is not to be 
borne), but also in word and deed; which must 
therefore needs be intolerable. 

For that of Pharaoh, his law was made upon a 
supposition, to prevent mischief, no crime being yet 
apparent ; but here is a crime apparent. For the 
second and third, you see he disputeth against our 
religion ; and for the treason he hath confessed, he 
deserveth to die the death. 

Then went the jury out, whose names were, 
Blind-man, No-good, Malice, Love-lust, Live-loose, 
Heady, High-mind, Enmity, Liar, Cruelty, Hate- 
light, and Implacable ; who every one gave in his 
private verdict against him among themselves, and 
afterward unanimously concluded to bring him in 
guilty before the Judge. And first, among them- 
selves, Blind-man, the foreman, said, I see clearly 
that this man is a heretic. Then said No-good, 
Away with such a fellow from the earth. Ay, said 
Malice, for I hate the very looks of him. Then said 
Love-lust, I could never endure him. -.- Nor I, said 




THEY COULU NOT TELL WHAT TO MAKE THEREOF. 



130 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Live-loose, for he would always be condemning my 
way. Hang him, hang him, said Heady. A sorry 
scrub, said High-mind. My heart riseth against 
him, said Enmity. He is a rogue, said Liar. 
Hanging is too good for him, said Cruelty. Let us 
despatch him out of the way, said Hate-light. 
Then said Implacable, Might I have all the world 
given me, I could not be reconciled to him ; there- 
fore let us forthwith bring him in guilty of death. 
And so they did ; therefore he was presently 
condemned to be had from the place where he 
was, to the place from whence he came, and there 
to be put to the most cruel death that could be 
invented. 

They, therefore, brought him out, to do with 
him according to their law ; and, first, they scourged 
him, then they buffeted him, then they lanced his 
flesh with knives; after that, they stoned him v/ith 
stones, then pricked him with their swords; and, 
last of all, they burned him to ashes at the stake. 
Thus came Faithful to his end. 

Now I saw that there stood behind the multitude 
a chariot and a couple of horses, waiting for Faith- 
ful, who (so soon as his adversaries had despatched 
him) was taken up into it, and straightway was 
carried up through the clouds, with sound of 
trumpet, the nearest way to the celestial gate. 

But as for Christian, he had some respite, and 
was remanded back to prison. So he there remained 
for a space ; but He that overrules all things, having 
the power of their rage in His own hand, so wrought 



THE PILGRIM'S P0EGRES8. 131 

it about that Christian for that time escaped them, 
and went his way. 

Now I saw in my dream that Christian went not 
forth alone, for there was one whose name was 
Hopeful (being made so by the beholding of Chris- 
tian and Faithful in their words and behavior, in 
their sufferings at the fair), who joined himself unto 
him, and, entering into a brotherly covenant, told 
him that he would be his companion. Thus, one 
died to bear testimony to the truth, and another 
rises out of his ashes, to be a companion with Chris- 
tian in his pilgrimage. This Hopeful also told 
Christian that there were many more of the men in 
the fair, that would take their time and follow after. 

So I saw that quickly after they were got out of 
the fair, they overtook one that was going before 
them, whose name was By-ends: so they said to 
him. What countryman, Sir? and how far go you 
this way? He told them that he came from the 
town of Fair-speech, and he was going to the Celes- 
tial City, but told them not his name. 

Christian. From Fair-speech ! Is there any good 
that lives there? 

By-ends. Yes, I hope. 

Christian. Pray, Sir, what may I call you? 

By-ends. I am a stranger to you, and you to me: 
if you be going this way, I shall be glad of your 
company; if not, I must be content. 

Christian. This town of Fair-speech, I have heard 
of; and, as I remember, they say, it is a wealthy 
place. 



132 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

By-ends. Yes, I will assure you that it is; and I 
have very many rich kindred there. 

Christian. Pray, who are your kindred there? 

By-ends. Almost the whole town. 

Christian. Are you a married man? 

By-ends. Yes, and my wife was my Lady Feign- 
ing 's daughter, therefore she came of a very honor- 
able family, and is arrived to such a pitch of breed- 
ing, that she knows how to carry it to all, even to 
prince and peasant. It is true we somewhat differ 
in religion from those of the stricter sort, yet but 
in two small points: first, we never strive against 
wind and tide ; secondly, we are always most zeal- 
ous when religion goes in his silver slippers; we 
love much to walk with him in the street, if the sun 
shines, and the people ajDplaud him. 

Then Christian stepped a little aside to his fellow, 
Hopeful, saying, It runs in my mind that this is 
one By-ends of Fair-speech ; and if it be he, we have 
as very a knave in our company as dwelleth in all 
these parts. Then said Hopeful, Ask him; me- 
thinks he should not be ashamed of his name. So 
Christian came up with him again, and said, Sir, 
you talk as if you knew something more than all 
the world doth ; and if I take not my mark amiss, 
I deem I have half a guess of you : Is not your name 
By-ends of Fair-speech? 

By-ends. This is not my name, but indeed it is a 
nickname that is given me by some that cannot abide 
me: and I must be content to bear it as a reproach, 
as other good men have borne theirs before me. 




GIANT DESPAIR. 



134 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Christian. But did you never give an occasion to 
men to call you by this name? 

By-ends. Never! The worst that ever I did to 
give them an occasion to give me this name was, 
that I had always the luck to jump in m}' judg- 
ment with the present way of the times, whatever 
it was, and my chance was to get thereby ; but if 
things are thus cast upon me, let me count them a 
blessing; but let not the malicious load me there- 
fore with reproach. 

Christian. I thought, indeed, that you were the 
man that I heard of; and to tell you what I think, 
I fear this name belongs to you more properly than 
you are willing we should think it doth. 

By-ends. Well, if you will thus imagine, I can- 
not help it; you shall find me a fair company-keep- 
er, if you will still admit me your associate. 

Christian. If you will go with us, you must go 
against wind and tide; the which, I perceive, is 
against your opinion ; you must also own Religion 
in his rags, as well as when in his silver slippers ; 
and stand by him, too, when bound in irons, as well 
as when he walketh the streets with applause. 

By-ends. Yon must not try to lord it over my 
faith ; leave me to my liberty, and let me go with 
you. 

Christian. Not a step farther, unless you will do 
in what I propound as we shall do. 

By-ends. I shall never desert my old jDrinciples, 
since they are harmless and profitable. If I may 
not go with you, I must do as I did before you over- 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 135 

took me, even go by myself, until some overtake 
me that will be glad of my company. 

Now I saw in my dream that Christian and 
Hopeful forsook him, and kept their distance before 
him ; but one of them looking back, sav/ three men 
following by B3'-ends, and behold, as they came up 
with him, he made them a very low bow; and they 
also gave him a compliment. The men's names 
were Hold-the-world, Money-love, and Save-all; 
men that By-ends had formerly been acquainted 
with ; for in their minority they were school-fellows, 
and were taught by one Gripe-man, a school-master 
in Love-gain, which is a market town in the county 
of Coveting, in the north. This schoolmaster 
taught them the art of getting, either by violence, 
flattery, lying, or by putting on a guise of religion; 
and these four gentlemen had attained much of the 
art of their master, so that they could each of them 
have kept such a school themselves. 

Well, when they had, as I said, thus saluted each 
other. Money-love said to By-ends, Who are they 
upon the road before us (for Christian and Hope- 
ful were yet within view) ? 

By-ends. They are a couple of far countrymen, 
that, after their mode, are going on pilgrimage. 

Money-love. Alas ! Why did they not stay, that 
we might have their good company? for they, and 
we, and you, Sir, I hope, are all going on a pil- 
grimage. 

By-ends. We are so, indeed; but the men before 
us are so rigid, and love so much of their own 



136 THE PILGRIM' IS PROGRESS. 

notions, and do also so lightly esteem the opinions 
of others, that let a man be never so godly, yet if 
he jumps not with them in all things, they thrust 
him quite out of their company. 

Saye-all. That is bad, but we read of some that 
are righteous overmuch ; and such men's rigidness 
prevails with them to judge and condemn all but 
themselves. But, I pray, what, and how many, 
were the things wherein you differed? 

By-ends. Why, they, after their headstrong 
manner, conclude that it is their duty to rush on 
their journey all weathers; and I am for waiting 
for wind and tide. They are for hazarding all for 
God at a clap ; and I am for taking all advantages 
to secure my life and estate. They are for holding 
their notions, though all other men are against 
them ; but I am for religion in what, and so far as 
the times, and my safety, will bear it. They are 
for Religion when in rags and contempt ; but I am 
for him when he walks in his golden slippers, in the 
sunshine, and with applause. 

HoLD-THE-woRLD. Ay, and hold you there still, 
good By-ends; for, for my part, I can count him 
but a fool that, having the liberty to keep what he 
has, shall be so unwise as to lose it. Let us be 
wise as serpents ; it is best to make hay when the 
sun shines ; you see how the bee lieth still all winter, 
and bestirs her only when she can have profit with 
pleasure. God sends sometimes rain, and some- 
times sunshine ; if they be such fools to go through 
the first, yet let us be content to take fair weather 



THE PILGRBrS PROGRESS. 1H7 

along with us. For my part, I like that religion 
best that will stand with the security of God's good 
blessings unto us: for who can imagine, that is 
ruled by his reason, since God has bestowed upon 
us the good things of this life, but that He would 
have us keep them for His sake? Abraham and 
Solomon grew rich in religion. And Job says that 
a good man shall lay up gold as dust. But he must 
not be such as the men before us, if they be as you 
have described them. 

Save-all. I think that we are all agreed in this 
matter, and therefore there needs no more words 
about it. 

Money-love. No, there needs no more words 
about this matter, indeed; for he that believes 
neither Scripture nor reason (and you see we have 
both on our side), neither knows his own liberty 
nor seeks his own safety. 

Christian and Hopeful went on till they came at 
a delicate plain called Ease, where they went with 
much content; but that plain was but narrow, so 
they were quickly got over it. Now at the farther 
side of that plain was a hill called Lucre, and in 
that hill a silver mine, which some of them that 
had formerly gone that way, because of the rarity 
of it, had turned aside to see ; but going too near 
the brink of the pit, the ground being deceitful 
under them, broke, and they were slain; some also 
had been maimed there, and could not, to their 
dying day, be their own men again. 

Then I saw in my dream, that a little off the 



138 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

road, over against the silver mine, stood Demas 
(gentleman-like) to call to passengers to come and 
see; who said to Christian and his fellow, Ho! turn 
aside hither, and I will show you a thing. 

Christian. What thing so deserving as to turn 
us out of the way to see it? 

Demas. Here is a silver mine, and some digging 
in it for treasure. If you will come, with a little 
pains you may richly provide for yourselves. 

Hopeful. Let us go see. 

Christian. Not I, I have heard of this place be- 
fore now; and how many have there been slain; 
and besides that, treasure is a snare to those that 
seek it ; for it hindereth them in their pilgrimage. 
Then Christian called to Demas, saying, Is not the 
place dangerous? Hath it not hindered many in 
their pilgrimage? 

Demas. Not except to those that are careless. 

Christian, Let us not stir a step, but still keep 
on our way. 

Hopeful. I will warrant you, when By-ends 
comes up, if he hath the same invitation as we, he 
will turn in thither to see. 

Christian. No doubt thereof, for his principles 
lead him that way, and a hundred to one but he 
dies there. 

Demas. But will you not come over and see? 

Christian. Demas, thou art an enemy to the right 
ways of the Lord of this way, and hast been al- 
ready condemned for thine own turning aside, by 
one of His Majesty's judges; and why seekest thou 



THE PILGRBl'S PROGRESS. 139 

to briug us into the like condemnation? Besides, 
if we at all turn aside, our Lord the King will cer- 
tainly hear thereof, and will there put us to shame, 
where we would stand with boldness before Him. 

Demas cried again that he also was one of their 
fraternity ; and that if they would tarry a little, he 
also himself would walk with them. 

Christian. What is thy name? Is it not the 
same by the which I have called thee? 

Demas. Yes, my name is Demas ; I am the son 
of Abraham. 

Christian. I know you ; Gehazi was your great- 
grandfather, and Judas your father; and you have 
trod in their steps. It is but a devilish prank that 
thou usest; thy father was hanged for a traitor, 
and thou deservest no better reward. Assure thy- 
self, that when we come to the King, we will tell 
Him of thy behavior. Thus they went their way. 

By this time By-ends and his companions were 
come again within sight, and they, at the first beck, 
went over to Demas. Now, whether they fell into 
the pit by looking over the brink thereof, or whether 
they went down to dig, or whether they were 
smothered in the bottom by the damps that com- 
monly arise, of these things I am not certain ; but 
this I observed, that they never were seen again 
in the way. 

Now I saw that, just on the other side of this 
plain, the pilgrims came to a place where stood an 
old monument, hard by the highway side, at the 
sight of which they were both concerned, because 



140 THE PILGRIM' & PROGRESS. 

of the strangeness of the form thereof; for it 
seemed to them as if it had been a woman trans- 
formed into the shape of a pillar; here therefore 
they stood looking, and looking upon it, but could 
not for a time tell what they should make thereof. 
At last Hopeful espied, written above the head 
thereof, a writing in an unusual hand ; but he, be- 
ing no scholar, called to Christian (for he was 
learned) to see if he could pick out the meaning; so 
he came, and after a little laying of letters together, 
he found the same to be this, Eemember Lot's wife. 
So he read it to his fellow ; after which they both 
concluded that that was the pillar of salt into 
which Lot's wife was turned, for her looking back 
with a covetous heart, when she was going from 
Sodom for safety. 

I saw, then, that they went on their way to a 
pleasant river; which David the king called the 
river of God, but John, the river of the water of 
life. Now their way lay just upon the bank of the 
river ; here, therefore, Christian and his companion 
walked with great delight ; they drank also of the 
water of the river, which was pleasant and enliven- 
ing to their weary spirits: besides, on the banks of 
this river, on either side, were green trees, that 
bore all manner of fruit ; and the leaves of the trees 
were good for medicine; with the fruit of these 
trees they were also much delighted; and the leaves 
they ate to prevent surfeits and other diseases that 
are incident to those that heat their blood by travels. 
On either side of the river was also a meadow, curi- 




THEY CONTINUED IN THEIR DOLEFUL CONDITION. 



142 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

ously beautified with lilies, and it was green all the 
year long. In this meadow they lay down, and 
slept ; for here they might lie down safely. When 
they awoke, they gathered again of the fruit of the 
trees, and drank again of the water of the river, 
and then lay down again to sleep. Thus they did 
several days and nights. When they were disposed 
to go on (for they were not, as yet, at their jour- 
ney's end) they ate and drank, and departed. 

Now, I beheld in my dream, that they, had not 
journeyed far, but the river and the way for a time 
parted ; at which they were not a little sorry ; yet 
they durst not go out of the way. Now the way 
from the river was rough, and their feet tender, by 
reason of their travels; so the souls of the pil- 
grims were much discouraged because of the way. 
Wherefore, still as they went on, the}' wished for a 
better way. Now, a little before them, there was 
on the left hand of the road a meadow, and a stile 
to go over into it; and that meadow is called By- 
path Meadow. Then said Christian, If this meadow 
lieth along by our wayside, let us go over into it. 

Then he went to the stile to see, and behold, a 
path lay along by the way, on the other side of the 
fence. It is according to my wish, said Christian. 
Here is the easiest going; come, good Hopeful, and 
let us go over. 

Hopeful. But how if this path should lead us out 
of the way? 

Christian. That is not like. Look, doth it not 
go along by the wayside? So Hopeful, being per- 



THE PILGEBi'S PROGRESS. 143 

suaded by his fellow, went after him over the 
stile. When they were gone over, and were got 
into the path, they found it very easy for their 
feet; and withal, ttiey, looking before them, espied 
a man walking as they did, and his name was Vain- 
confidence; so they called after him, and asked him 
whither that way led. He said, To the Celestial 
Gate. Look, said Christian, did not I tell you so? 
By this you may see we are right. So they fol- 
lowed, and he went before them. But, behold, the 
night came on, and it grew very dark; so that they 
that were behind lost the sight of him that went 
before. 

He, therefore, that went before (Vain-confidence 
by name), not seeing the way before him, fell into 
a deep pit, which was on purpose there made, by 
the Prince of those grounds, to catch vain-glorious 
fools withal, and was dashed in pieces with his fall. 

Now Christian and his fellow heard him fall. So 
they called to know the matter, but there was none 
to answer, only they heard a groaning. Then said 
Hopeful, Where are we now? Then was his fellow 
silent, as mistrusting that he had led him out of the 
way ; and now it began to rain, and thunder, and 
lighten in a very dreadful manner; and the water 
rose amain. Then Hopeful groaned in himself, 
saying, Oh, that I had kept on my way ! 

Christian. Who could have thought that this 
path should have led us out of the way? 

Hopeful. I was afraid on it at the very first, and 
therefore gave you that gentle caution. I would 



144 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

have spoken plainer, but that you are older than I. 

Christian. Good brother, be not offended ; I am 
sorry I have brought thee out of the way, and that 
I have put thee into such danger ; pray, my brother, 
forgive me; I did not do it of an evil intent. 

Hopeful. Be comforted, my brother, for I forgive 
thee; and I believe, too, that this shall be for our 
good. 

Christian. I am glad I have with me a merciful 
brother ; but we must not stand thus : let us try to 
go back again. 

Hopeful. But, good brother, let me go before. 

Christian. No, if you please, let me go first, that 
if there be any danger I may be first therein, be- 
cause by my means we are both gone out of the way. 

Hopeful. No, you shall not go first; for your 
mind being troubled may lead you out of the way 
again. Then, for their encouragement, they heard 
the voice of one saying, Set thine heart toward 
the highway, even the way which thou went- 
est; turn again. But by this time the waters were 
greatly risen, by reason of which the way of going 
back was very dangerous. (Then I thought that 
it is easier going out of the way, when we are 
in, than going in when we are out.) Yet they 
ventured to go back, but it was dark, and the flood 
was so high, that in their going back they had like 
to have been drowned. 

Neither could they, with all the skill they had, 
get again to the stile that night. Wherefore, at 
last, lighting under a little shelter, they sat down 




IN THREATENING LANGUAGE THEY BID HIM STAND, 



146 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

there until the day-break; but, being weary, they 
fell asleep. Now there was, not far from the place 
where they lay, a castle called Doubting Castle, the 
owner whereof was Giant Despair; and it was in 
his grounds they now were sleeping; wherefore he, 
getting up in the morning early, and walking up 
and down in his fields, caught Christian and Hope- 
ful asleep in his grounds. Then, with a gfim and 
surly voice, he bid them awake; and asked them 
whence they were, and what they did in his ground. 
They told him they were pilgrims, and that they 
had lost their way. Then said the Giant, You have 
this night trespassed on me, by trampling in, and 
lying on my grounds, and therefore you must go 
along with me. So they were forced to go, because 
he was stronger than they. They also had but little 
to sa}^, for they knew themselves in a fault. The 
Giant, therefore, drove them before him, and put 
them into his castle, into a very dark dungeon, 
nasty and stinking to the spirits of these two men. 
Here, then, they lay from Wednesday morning till 
Saturday night, without one bit of bread, or drop of 
drink, or light, or any to ask how they did; they 
were, therefore, here in evil case, and were far from 
friends and acquaintance. Now in this place Chris- 
tian had double sorrow, because it was through his 
counsel that they were brought into this distress. 

Now, Giant Despair had a wife, and her name 
was Diffidence. So when he was gone to bed, he 
told his wife what he had done; to wit, that he had 
taken a couple of prisoners and cast them into his 



THE PILGBBI'S PROGRESS. 147 

dungeon, for trespassing on his grounds. Then he 
asked iier also what he had best to do to them. So 
she asked him what they were, whence they came, 
and whither they were bound; and he told her. 
Then she counselled that he should beat them with- 
out any mercy. So, when he arose, he getteth him 
a crab-tree cudgel, and goes down into the dungeon 
to them, and falls upon them, and beats them fear- 
fully, in such sort that they were not able to help 
themselves, or to turn them upon the floor. This 
done, he leaves them, there to condole their misery, 
and to mourn under their distress. So all that day 
they spent the time in sighs and lamentations. The 
next night, she, talking with her husband, and 
understanding they were yet alive, did advise him 
to counsel them to make away with themselves. 
So when morning was come, he goes to them in a 
surly manner as before, and perceiving them to be 
very sore with the stripes that he had given them 
the day before, he told them, that since they were 
never likely to come out of that place, their only 
way would be forthwith to make an end of them- 
selves, either with knife, halter, or poison, for why, 
said he, should you choose life, seeing it is attended 
with so much bitterness? But they desired him to 
let them go With that he looked ugly upon them, 
and, rushing to them, had doubtless made an end 
of them himself, but that he fell into one of his fits 
and lost for a time the use of his hands; wherefore 
he left them as before, to consider what to do. Then 
did the prisoners consult between themselves, 



148 THE PILGRUl'S PROGRESS. 

whether it was the best to take his counsel or no; 
and thus they began to discourse : — 

Christian. Brother, what shall we do? The life 
that we now live is miserable. For my part I know 
not whether is best, to live thus, or to die out of 
hand. My soul chooseth strangling rather than 
life, and the grave is more easy for me than this 
dungeon. Shall we be ruled by the Giant? 

Hopeful. Indeed, our present condition is dread- 
ful, and death would be far more welcome to me 
than thus forever to abide; but yet, let us consider, 
the Lord of the country to which we are going hath 
said, Thou shalt do no murder; no, not to another 
man's person; much more, then, are we forbidden 
to take his counsel to kill ourselves. Besides, he 
that kills another can but commit murder upon his 
body ; but for one to kill himself is to kill body and 
soul at once. And, moreover, my brother, thou 
talkest of ease in the grave ; but hast thou forgotten 
the hell, whither for certain the murderers go? For 
no murderer hath eternal life, etc. And let us 
consider, again, that all the law is not in the hand 
of Giant Despair. Others, so far as I can under- 
stand, have been taken by him, as well as we; and 
yet have escaped out of his hand. Who knows but 
that God that made the world may cause that Giant 
Despair may die? or that, at some time or other, 
he may forget to lock us in? or that he may, in a 
short time, have another of his fits before us, and 
may lose the use of his limbs? and if ever that 
should come to pass again, for my part, I am re- 



THE PILGBnrS PROGRESS. 149 

solved to pluck up the heart of a man, and to try 
my utmost to get from under his hand. I was a 
fool that I did not try to do it before ; but, however, 
my brother, let us be patient and endure a while. 
The time may come that may give up a happy re- 
lease ; but let us not be our own murderers. With 
these words. Hopeful at present did moderate the 
mind of his brother; so they continued together (in 
the dark) that day, in their sad and doleful condition. 

Well, toward evening, the Giant goes down into 
the dungeon again, to see if his prisoners had taken 
his counsel ; but when he came there he found them 
alive ; and truly, alive was all ; for now, what for 
want of bread and water, and by reason of the 
wounds they received when he beat them, they could 
do little but breathe. But, I say, he found them 
alive ; at which he fell into a rage, and told them 
that, seeing they had disobeyed his counsel, it should 
be worse with them than if they had never been born. 

At this they trembled greatly, and I think that 
Christian fell into a swoon ; but, coming a little to 
himself again, they renewed their discourse about 
the Giant's counsel; and whether yet they had best 
to take it or no. Now Christian again seemed to 
be for doing it, but Hopeful made his second reply 
as followeth : 

Hopeful. My brother, said he, rememberest thou 
not how valiant thou hast been heretofore? Apol- 
lyon could not crush thee, nor could all that thou 
didst hear, or see, or feel in the Valley of the 
Shadow of Death. What hardship, terror, and 



150 THE PILGRBI'S PROGRESS. 

amazement hast thou ah-eady gone through ! And 
art thou now nothing but fear ! Thou seest that I 
am in the dungeon with thee, a far weaker man by 
nature than thou art; also, this Giant has wounded 
me as well as thee, and hath also cut off the bread 
and water from my mouth; and with thee I mourn 
without the light. But let us exercise a little more 
patience : remember how thou playedst the man at 
Vanity Fair, and wast neither afraid of the chain, 
nor cage, nor yet of bloody death. Wherefore let 
us (at least to avoid the shame, that becomes not a 
Christian to be found in) bear up with patience as 
well as we can. 

Now, night being come again, and the Giant and 
his wife being in bed, she asked him concerning the 
prisoners, and if they had taken his counsel. To 
which he replied, They are sturdy rogues, and choose 
rather to bear all hardships, than to make away 
with themselves. Then said she. Take them into 
the castle-yard to-morrow, and show them the bones 
and skulls of those that thou hast already despatched, 
and make them believe, ere a week comes to an end, 
thou also wilt tear them in pieces, as thou hast done 
their fellows before them. 

So when the morning was come,- the Giant goes 
to them again, and takes them into the castle-yard, 
and shows them, as his wife had bidden him. These, 
said he, were pilgrims as you are, once, and they 
trespassed in my grounds, as you have done ; and 
when I thought fit, I tore them in pieces, and so 
within ten days, I will do you. Go, get you down 



THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 151 

to your den again ; and with that he beat them all 
the way thither. They lay, therefore, all day on 
Saturday in a lamentable case, as before. Now, 
when night was come, and when Mrs. Diffidence 
and her husband, the Giant, were got to bed, they 
began to renew their discourse of their prisoners ; 
and withal the old Giant wondered, that he could 
neither by his blows nor his counsel bring them to 
an end. And with that his wife replied, I fear, 
said she, that they live in hope that some will come 
to relieve them, or that they have picklocks about 
them, by the means of which they hope to escape. 
And sayest thou so, my dear? said the Giant; I 
will, therefore, search them in the morning. 

Well, on Saturday, about midnight, they began 
to pray, and continued in prayer till almost break 
of day. Now, a little before it was day, good 
Christian, as one half amazed, brake out in this 
passionate speech : What a fool, quoth he, am I, 
thus to lie in a dungeon, when I may walk at 
liberty! I have a key in my bosom, called Promise, 
that will open any lock in Doubting Castle. That 
is good news, said Hopeful, good brother; pluck it 
out of thy bosom, and try. 

Then Christian pulled it out of his bosom and be- 
gan to try at the dungeon door, whose bolt (as he 
turned the key) gave back, and the door flew open 
with ease, and Christian and Hopeful both came 
out. Then he went to the outward door that leads 
into the castle-yard, and, with his ke}^, opened that 
door also. After, he went to the iron gate, for that 



152 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

must be opened too ; but that lock went hard, yet 
the key did open it. Then they thrust open the 
gate to make their escape with speed, but that gate, 
as it opened, made such a creaking, that it waked 
Giant Despair, who, hastily rising to pursue his 
prisoners, felt his limbs to fail, for his fits took him 
again, so that he could by no means go after them. 
Then they went on, and came to the King's high- 
way, and so were safe. 

Now, when they were gone over the stile, they 
began to contrive with themselves what they should 
do at that stile, to prevent those that should come 
after from falling into the hands of Giant Despair. 
So they consented to erect there a pillar, and to en- 
grave upon the side thereof this sentence — Over this 
stile is the way to Doubting Castle, which is kept by 
Giant Despair, who despiseth the King of the Celes- 
tial Country, and seeks to destroy his holy Pilgrims. 
Many, therefore, that followed after, read what 
was written, and escaped the danger. 

They went then till they came to the Delectable 
Mountains, which mountains belong to the Lord of 
that hill of which we have spoken before ; so they 
went up to the mountains, to behold the gardens 
and orchards, the vineyards and fountains of waters ; 
where also they drank and washed themselves, and 
did freely eat of the vineyards. Now there were on 
the tops of these mountains shepherds feeding their 
flocks, and they stood by the highway side. The 
pilgrims, therefore, went to them, and, leaning 
upon their staves (as is. common with weary pil- 




ATHEIST 



154 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

grims, when they stand to talk with any by the 
way), they asked, Whose Delectable Mountains are 
these? and whose be the sheep that feed upon 
them? 

Shepherd. These mountains are Immanuel's 
Land, and they are within sight of His city; and 
the sheep also are His, and he laid down His life for 
them. 

Christian. Is this the way to the Celestial City? 

Shepherd. You are just in your way. 

Christian. How far is it thither? 

Shepherd. Too far for any but those that shall 
get thither indeed. 

Christian. Is the way safe or dangerous? 

Shepherd. Safe for those for whom it is to be 
safe; but the transgressors shall fall therein. 

Christian. Is there, in this place, any relief for 
pilgrims that are weary and faint in the way? 

Shepherd. The Lord of these mountains hath 
given us a charge not to be forgetful to entertain 
strangers ; therefore the good of the place is before 
you. 

I saw also in my dream, that when the Shepherds 
perceived that they were wayfaring men, they also 
put questions to them, to which they made answer 
as in other places; as. Whence came you? and. 
How got you into the way? and. By what means 
have you so persevered therein? For but few of 
them that begin to come hither do show their faces 
on these mountains. But when the Shepherds heard 
their answers, being pleased therewith, they looked 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 165 

very lovingly upon them, and said, Welcome to the 
Delectable Mountains! 

The Shepherds, I say, whose names were Knowl- 
edge, Experience, Watchful, and Sincere, took them 
by the hand, and had them to their tents, and made 
them partake of that which was ready at present. 
They said, moreover, We would that ye should stay 
here a while, to be acquainted with us; and yet 
more to solace yourselves with the good of these 
Delectable Mountains. They then told them, that 
they were content to stay; so they went to their 
rest that night, because it was very late. 

Then I saw in my dream, that in the morning the 
Shepherds called up Christian and Hopeful to walk 
with them upon the mountains; so they went forth 
with them, and walked a while, having a pleasant 
prospect on every side. 

Then I saw that they had them to the top of an- 
other mountain, and the name of that is Caution, 
and bid them look afar off; which, when they did, 
they perceived, as they thought, several men walk- 
ing up and down among the tombs that were there; 
and they perceived that the men were blind, because 
they stumbled sometimes upon the tombs, and be- 
cause they could not get out from among them. 
Then said Christian, What means this? 

The Shepherds. Did you not see a little below 
these mountains a stile, that led into a meadow, on 
the left hand of this way? They answered. Yes. 
Then said the Shepherds, From that stile there goes 
a iDath that leads directly to Doubting Castle, which 



156 TEE PILGRnrS PROGBESS. 

is kept by Giant Despair, and these, pointing to 
them among the tombs, came once on pilgrimage, 
as you do now, even till they came to that same 
stile ; and because the right way was rough in that 
place, they chose to go out of it into that meadow, 
and there were taken by Giant Despair and cast into 
Doubting Castle; where, after they had been a 
while kept in the dungeon, he at last did put out 
their eyes, and led them among those tombs, where 
he has left them to wander to this very day, that 
the saying of the wise man might be fulfilled. He 
that wandereth out of the way of understanding, 
shall remain in the congregation of the dead. Then 
Christian and Hopeful looked upon one another, 
with tears gushing out, but yet said nothing to the 
Shepherds. 

Then I saw in my dream, that the Shepherds had 
them to another place, in a bottom, where was a 
door in the side of a hill, and they opened the door 
and bid them look in. They looked in, therefore, 
and saw that within it was very dark and smoky ; 
they also thought that they heard there a rumbling 
noise as of fire, and a cry of some tormented, and 
that they smelt the scent of brimstone. Then said 
Christian, What means this? The Shepherds told 
them. This is a by-way to hell, a way that hypocrites 
go in at ; namely, such as sell their birthright, with 
Esau ; such as sell their master, with Judas ; such 
as blaspheme the gospel, with Alexander ; and that 
lie and dissemble, with Ananias and Sapphira his 
wife. Then said Hopeful to the Shepherds, I per- 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 157 

ceive that these had on them, even every one, a 
show of pilgrimage, as we have now ; had they not? 

Shepherd. Yes, and held it a long time too. 

Hopeful. How far might they go in pilgrimage 
in their day, since they notwithstanding were thus 
miserably cast away? 

Shepherd. Some further, and some not so far, as 
these mountains. 

Then said the pilgrims one to another. We have 
need to cry to the Strong for strength. 

Shepherd. Ay, and you will have need to use it, 
when you have it, too. 

By this time the pilgrims had a desire to go for- 
ward, and the Shepherds a desire they should; so 
they walked together towards the end of the moun- 
tains. Then said the Shepherds one to another, Let 
us here show to the pilgrims the gates of the Celes- 
tial City, if they have skill to look through our 
perspective glass. The pilgrims accepted the mo- 
tion ; so they had them to the top of a high hill, 
called Clear, and gave them their glass to look. 

Then they essayed to look, but the remembrance 
of that last thing that the Shepherds had shown 
them made their hands shake ; by means of which 
impediment they could not look steadily through 
the glass; yet they thought they saw something 
like the gate, and also some of the glory of the 
place. Then they went away. 

When they were about to depart, one of the 
Shepherds gave them a note of the way. Another 
of them bid them beware of the Flatterer. The 



158 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

third bid them take heed that they sleep not upon 
the Enchanted Ground. And the fourth bid them 
God-speed. So I awoke from my dream. 

And I slept, and dreamed again, and saw the 
same two pilgrims going down the mountains along 
the highway towards the city. Now, a little below 
these mountains, on the left hand, lieth the coun- 
try of Conceit; from which country there comes 
into the way in which the pilgrims walked, a little 
crooked lane. Here, therefore, they met with a 
very brisk lad, that came out of that country; and 
his name was Ignorance. So Christian asked him 
from what parts he came, and whither he was going. 

Ignorance. Sir, I was born in the country that 
lieth off there a little on the left hand, and I am 
going to the Celestial City. 

Christian. But how do you think to get in at the 
gate? for you may find some difficulty there. 

Ignorance. As other good people do. 

Christian. But what have you to show at that 
gate, that may cause that the gate should be opened 
to you ? 

Ignorance. I know my Lord's will, and I have 
been a good liver, I pay every man his own; I 
pray, fast, pay tithes, and give alms, and have left 
my country for whither I am going. 

Christian. But thou camest not in at the wicket- 
gate that is at the head of this way ; thou camest 
in hither through that same crooked lane, and 
therefore, I fear, however thou may est think of 
thyself, when the reckoning day shall come, thou 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 159 

wilt have laid to thy charge that thou art a thief aixl 
a robber, instead of getting admittance into the city. 

Ignorance. Gentlemen, ye be utter strangers to 
me, I know you not; be content to follow the re- 
ligion of your country, and I will follow the religion 
of mine. I hope all will be well. And as for the 
gate that you talk of, all the world knows that that 
is a great way off of our country. I cannot think 
that any man in all our parts doth so much as know 
the way to it, nor need they matter whether they 
do or no, since we have, as you see, a fine, pleasant 
green lane, that comes down from our country, the 
next way into the way. 

When Christian saw that the man was wise in 
his own conceit, he said to Hopeful, whisperingly. 
There is more hope of a fool than of him. And said, 
moreover, When he that is a fool walketh by the 
way, his wisdom faileth him, and he saith to every 
one that he is a fool. What, shall we talk further 
with him, or outgo him at present, and so leave 
him to think of what he hath heard already, and 
then stop again for him afterwards, and see if by 
degrees we can do any good to him? 

Hopeful. It is not good, I think, to say all to him 
at once ; let us pass him by, if you will, and talk to 
him anon, even as he is able to bear it. 

So they both went on, and Ignorance he came 
after. Now when they had passed him a little wa}^ 
they entered into a very dark lane, where they met 
a man whom seven devils had bound with seven 
strong cords, and were carrying of him back to the 



160 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

door that they saw on the side of the hill. Now 
good Christian began to tremble, and so did Hope- 
ful his companion ; yet as the devils led away the 
man, Christian looked to see if he knew him ; and 
he thought it might be one Turn-away, that dwelt 
in the town of Apostasy. But he did not perfectly 
see his face, for he did hang his head like a thief 
that is found. But being once past. Hopeful looked 
after him, and espied on his back a paper with this 
inscription. Wanton professor and apostate. 

Then said Christian to his fellow. Now I call to 
remembrance that which was told me of a thing 
that happened to a good man hereabout. The 
name of the man was Little-faith, but a good man, 
and he dwelt in the town of Sincere. The thing 
was this : At the entering in at this passage, there 
comes down from Broad-way Gate, a lane called 
Dead Man's Lane; so called because of the murders 
that are commonly done there ; and this Little-faith 
going on pilgrimage, as we do now, chanced to sit 
down there, and slept. Now there happened, at 
that time, to come down the lane, from Broad-way 
Gate, three sturdy rogues, and their names were 
Faint-heart, Mistrust, and Guilt (three brothers), 
and the}-, espying Little-faith, where he was, came 
galloping up with speed. Now the good man was 
just awake from his sleep, and was getting up to 
go on his journey. So they came up all to him, 
and with threatening language bid him stand. At 
this Little-faith looked as white as a clout, and had 
neither power to fight or fly. Then said Faint- 




CHRISTIAN, HOPEFl-L, AND IGNORANCE. 



102 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

heart, Deliver thy purse. But he making no haste 
to do it (for he was loath to lose his money), Mis- 
trust ran up to him, and thrusting his hand into his 
pocket, pulled out thence a bag of silver. Then he 
cried out. Thieves ! Thieves ! With that Guilt, with 
a great club that was in his hand, struck Little- 
faith on the head, and with that blow felled him flat 
to the ground, where he lay bleeding as one that 
would bleed to death. All this while the thieves 
stood by. But, at last, they hearing that some 
were upon the road, and fearing lest it should be 
one Great-grace, that dwells in the city of Good- 
confidence, they betook themselves to their heels, 
and left this good man to shift for himself. Now, 
after a while. Little-faith came to himself, and 
getting up made shift to scramble on his way. 
This was the stor3^ 

Hopeful. But did they take from him all that 
ever he had? 

Christian. No; the place where his jewels were 
they never ransacked, so those he kept still. But 
as I was told, the good man was much afflicted for 
his loss, for the thieves got most of his spending- 
money. That which they got not were jewels; also 
he had a little odd money left, but scarce enough 
to bring him to his journey's end ; nay, if I was not 
misinformed, he was forced to beg as he went, to 
keep himself alive ; for his jewels he might not sell. 
But beg, and do what he could, he went (as we 
say) with many a hungry belly the most part of 
the rest of the way. 



THE PlLGRUrS PROGRESS. 163 

Hopeful. But is it not a wonder they got not from 
him his certificate, by which he was to receive his 
admittance at the Celestial Gate? 

Christian. It is a wonder ; hut they got not that, 
though they missed it not through any good cun- 
ning of his; for he, being dismayed with their com- 
ing upon him, had neither power nor skill to hide 
anything ; so it was more by good Providence than 
by his endeavor, that they missed of that good thing. 

Hopeful. But it must needs be a comfort to him, 
that they got not his jewels from him. 

Christian. It might have been great comfort to 
him, had he used it as he should ; but they that 
told me the story said, that he made but little use 
of it all the rest of the way, and that because of the 
dismay that he had in the taking away his money; 
indeed, he forgot it a great part of the rest of his 
journey; and besides, when at any time it came into 
his mind, and he began to be comforted therewith, 
then would fresh thoughts of his loss come again 
and those thoughts would swallow up all. 

So they went on, and Ignorance followed. They 
went then till they came at a place where they saw 
a way put itself into their way, and seemed withal 
to lie as straight as the way which they should go: 
and here they knew not which of the two to take, 
for both seemed straight before them ; therefore, 
here they stood still to consider. And as they were 
thinking about the way, behold a man, black of 
flesh, but covered with a very light robe, came to 
them, and asked them why they stood there. They 



164 THE FILGBUVS PROGRESS. 

answered they were going to the Celestial City, but 
knew not which of these ways to take. Follow 
me, said the man it is thither that I am going. 
So they followed him in the way that but now came 
into the road, which by degrees turned, and turned 
them so from the city that they desired to go to, 
that, in little time, their faces were turned away 
from it; yet they followed him. But by and by, 
before they were aware, he led them both within 
the compass of a net, in which they were both so 
entangled, that they knew not what to do ; and with 
that the white robe fell off the black man's back. 
Then they saw where they were. Wherefore, there 
they lay crying for some time, for they could not 
get themselves out. 

Christian. Now do I see myself in error. Did 
not the Shepherds bid us beware of the flatterers? 
As is the saying of the wise man, so we have found 
it this day : A man that flattereth his neighbor, 
spreadeth a net for his feet. 

Hopeful. They also gave us a note of directions 
about the way, for our more sure finding thereof; 
but therein we have also forgotten to read, and have 
not kept ourselves from the paths of the destroyer. 
Here David was wiser than we ; for, saith he, Con- 
cerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips, 
I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer. 

Thus they lay bewailing themselves in the net. 
At last they espied a Shining One coming towards 
them with a whip of small cord in his hand. When 
he was come to the place where they were, he asked 



_^^*^'^''»!s»i''fe 




CHRISTIAN SAID, OH ! I SEE HIM AGAIN. 



166 THE PILGRBI'S PROGRESS. 

them whence they came, and what they did there. 
They told him that they were poor pilgrims going 
to Zion, but were led out of their way by a black 
man, clothed in white, who bid us, said they, fol- 
low him, for he was going thither too. Then said 
he with the whip, It is Flatterer, a false apostle, 
that hath transformed himself into an angel of 
light. So he rent the net, and let the men out. 
Then said he to them, Follow me, that I may set 
you in your way again. So he led them back to 
the way which they had left to follow the Flatterer. 
Then he asked them, saying. Where did you lie the 
last night? They said. With the Shepherds, upon 
the Delectable Mountains. He asked them then, if 
they had not of those Shepherds a note of direction 
for the way. They answered, Yes. But did you, 
said he, when you were at a stand, pluck out and 
read your note? They answered, No. He asked 
them. Why? They said, they forgot. He asked, 
moreover, if the Shepherds did not bid them beware 
of the Flatterer. They answered. Yes, but we did 
not imagine, said they, that this fine-spoken man 
had been he. 

Then I saw in my dream, that he commanded 
them to lie down ; which, when they did, he chas- 
tised them sore, to teach them the good way wherein 
they should walk ; and as he chastised them he said. 
As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten ; be zeal- 
ous, therefore, and repent. This done, he bid them 
go on their way, and take good heed to the other 
directions of the Shepherds. So they thanked him 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 167 

for all his kindness, and went softly along the right 
way. 

Now, after a while, they perceived, afar off, one 
coming alone, all along the highway to meet them. 
Then said Christian, Yonder is a man with his back 
towards Zion, and he is coming to meet us. 

Hopeful. I see him ; let us take heed to ourselves 
now, lest he should prove a flatterer also. So he 
drew nearer and nearer, and at last came up unto 
them. His name was Atheist, and he asked them 
whither they were going. 

Christian. We are going to Mount Zion. 

Then Atheist fell into a very great laughter. 

Christian. What is the meaning of your laughter? 

Atheist. I laugh to see what ignorant persons you 
are, to take upon you so tedious a journey, and you 
are like to have nothing but your travel for your 
pains. 

Christian. Why, man, do you think we shall not 
be received? 

Atheist. Eeceived ! There is no such jDlace as 
you dream of in all this world. 

Christian. But there is in the world to come. 

Atheist. When I was at home in mine own coun- 
try, I heard as you now affirm, and from that hear- 
ing went out to see, and have been seeking this city 
this twenty years : but find no more of it than I did 
the first day I set out. 

Christian. We have both heard and believe that 
there is such a place to be found. 

Atheist. Had not I, when at home, believed, I 



168 THE FILGBIJI'S PROGRESS. 

had not come thus far to seek; but finding none 
(and yet I should, had there been such a place to be 
found, for I have gone to seek it further than you), 
I am going back again, and will seek to refresh 
myself with the things that I then cast away, for 
hopes of that which, I now see, is not. 

Then said Christian to Hopeful, Is it true which 
this man hath said ? 

Hopeful. Take heed, he is one of the flatterers ; 
remember what it hath cost us once already for our 
hearkening to such kinds of fellows. What! no 
Mount Zion? Did we not see, from the Delectable 
Mountains, the gate of the city? Also, are we not 
now to walk by faith? Let us go on, said Hopeful, 
lest the man with the whip overtake us again. 
You should have taught me that lesson, which I 
will round you in the ears withal: Cease, my son, 
to hear the instruction that causeth to err from the 
words of knowledge. I say, my brother, cease to 
hear him, and let us believe to the saving of the soul. 

Christian. My brother, I did not put the question 
to thee for that I doubted of the truth of our belief 
myself, but to prove thee, and to fetch from thee a 
fruit of the honesty of thy heart. As for this man, 
I know that he is blinded by the god of this world. 
Let thee and I go on, knowing that we have belief 
of the truth, and no lie is of the truth. 

Hopeful. Now do I rejoice in hope of the glory 
of God. So they turned away from the man ; and 
he, laughing at them, went his way. 

I saw then in my dream, that they went until 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 169 

they came into a certain country whose air naturally 
tended to make one drowsy, if he came a stranger 
into it. And here Hopeful began to be very dull 
and heavy of sleep ; wherefore he said unto Chris- 
tian, I do now begin to grow so drowsy that I can 
scarcely hold up mine eyes; let us lie down here 
and take one nap. 

Christian. By no means; lest sleeping, we never 
awake more. 

Hopeful. Why, my brother? Sleep is sweet to 
the laboring man ; we may be refreshed if we take 
a nap. 

Christian. Do you not remember that one of the 
Shepherds bid us beware of the Enchanted Ground? 
He meant by that, that we should beware of sleep- 
ing; therefore let us not sleep, as do others, but 
let us watch and be sober. 

Hopeful. I acknowledge myself in a fault ; and 
had I been here alone, I had by sleeping run the 
danger of death. I see it is true that the wise man 
saith. Two are better than one. Hitherto hath thy 
company been my mercy, and thou shalt have a 
good reward for thy labor. 

Christian. Now, then, to prevent drowsiness in 
this place, let us fall into good discourse. 

Hopeful. With all my heart. 

Christian. Where shall we begin? 

Hopeful, Where God began with us. But do 
you begin, if you please. 

Christian, I will ask you a question. How came 
you to think at first of so doing as you do now? 



170 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Hopeful. Do you mean, how came I at first to 
look after the good of ray soul? 

Christian. Yes, that is my meaning. 

Hopeful. I continued a great while in the delight 
of those things which were seen and sold at our fair ; 
things which, I believe now, would have, had I 
continued in them still, drowned me in perdition 
and destruction. 

Christian. What things are they? 

Hopeful. All the treasures and riches of the 
world. Also I delighted much in rioting, revelling, 
drinking, swearing, lying, uncleanness, Sabbath- 
breaking, and what not, that tended to destroy the 
soul. But I found at last, by hearing and consider- 
ing of things that are divine, which indeed I heard 
of you, as also of beloved Faithful, that was put to 
death for his faith and good living in Vanity Fair, 
that the end of these things is death. And that 
for these things' sake cometh the wrath of God upon 
the children of disobedience. 

Christian. And did you presently fall under the 
power of this conviction? 

Hopeful. No, I was not willing presently to know 
the evil of sin, nor the damnation that follows upon 
the commission of it; but endeavored, when my 
mind at first began to be shaken with the Word, 
to shut mine eyes against the light thereof. 

Christian. But what was the cause of your carry- 
ing of it thus to the first workings of God's blessed 
Spirit upon you? 

Hopeful. The causes were, 1. I was ignorant 



THE PILGRLV'S PROGRESS. 171 

that this was the work of God upon me. I never 
thought that, by awakenings for sin, God at first 
begins the conversion of a sinner. 2. Sin was yet 
very sweet to my flesh, and I was loath to leave it. 
3. I could not tell how to part with mine old com- 
panions, their presence and actions were so desirable 
unto me. -1. The hours in which convictions were 
upon me were such troublesome and such heart- 
affrighting hours, that I could not bear, no not so 
much as the remembrance of them upon my heart. 

Christian. Then, as it seems, sometimes you got 
rid of your trouble. 

Hopeful. Yes, verily, but it would come into my 
mind again, and then I should be as bad, nay, 
worse, than I was before. 

Christian. And could you at any time, with ease, 
get off the guilt of sin, when by any of these ways 
it came upon you? 

Hopeful. No, not I, for then they got faster hold 
of my conscience; and then if I did but think of 
going back to sin (though my mind was turned 
against it), it would be double torment to me. 

Christian. And how did 3^ou do then? 

Hopeful. I thought I must endeavor to mind my 
life; for else, thought I, I am sure to be damned. 

Christian. And did you endeavor to mend? 

Hopeful. Yes; and fled from not only my sins, 
but sinful company too ; and betook me to religious 
duties, as prayer, reading, weeping for sin, speak- 
ing truth to my neighbors, etc. These things did 
I, with many others, too much here to relate. 



172 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Christian. And did you think yourself well then? 

Hopeful. Yes, for a while ; but at the last, my 
trouble came tumbling upon me again, and that 
over the neck of all my reformations. 

Christian. How came that about, since you were 
now reformed? 

Hopeful. There were several things brought it 
upon me, especially such sayings as these : All our 
righteousnesses are as filthy rags. By the works 
of the law shall no flesh be justified. When ye 
shall have done all those things, say. We are un- 
profitable; with many more such like. From 
whence I began to reason with myself thus: If all 
my righteousnesses are filthy rags; if, by the deeds 
of the law, NO man can be justified ; and if, when 
we have done all, we are yet unprofitable, then it 
is but a folly to think of heaven by the law. I 
further thought thus: If a man runs a hundred 
pounds into the shopkeeper's debt, and after that 
shall pay for all that he shall fetch ; yet, if this old 
debt stands still in the book uncrossed, for that the 
shopkeeper may sue him, and cast him into prison 
till he shall pay the debt. 

Christian. How did you apply this to yourself? 

Hopeful. Why, I thought thus with myself: I 
have, by my sins, run a great way into God's book, 
and that my now reforming will not pay off that 
score; therefore I should think still, under all my 
present amendments, But how shall I be freed from 
that damnation that I have brought myself in 
danger of, by my former transgressions? 




THUS THEV GOT OVKK. 



174 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Christian. A very good application ; but, pray, 
go on. 

Hopeful. Another thing that hath troubled me, 
even since my late amendments, is that if I look 
narrowly into the best of what I do now, I still see 
sin, new sin, mixing itself with the best of that I 
do ; so that now I am forced to conclude, that not- 
withstanding my former fond conceits of myself 
and duties, I have committed sin enough in one day 
to send me to hell, though my former life had been 
faultless. 

Christian. And what did you do then? 

Hopeful. Do! I could not tell what to do until I 
brake my mind to Faithful, for he and I were well 
acquainted. And he told me, that unless I could 
obtain the righteousness of a man that never had 
sinned, neither mine own, nor all the righteousness 
of the world, could save me. 

Christian. And did you think he spake true? 

Hopeful. Had he told me so when I was pleased 
and satisfied v/ith mine own amendment, I had called 
him fool for his pains ; but now, since I see mine own 
infirmity, and the sin that cleaves to my best per- 
formance, I have been forced to be of his opinion. 

Christian. But did you think, when at first he 
suggested it to you, that there was such a man to 
be found, of whom it might justly be said that he 
never committed sin? 

Hopeful. I must confess the words at first sounded 
strangely, but after a little more talk and company 
with him I had a full conviction about it. 



THE FILGBm'S PROOEESS. 175 

Christian. And did you ask him what man this 
was, and how you must be justified by him? 

Hopeful. Yes, and he told me it was the Lord 
Jesus, that dwelleth on the right hand of the Most 
High. And thus, said he, you must be justified by 
Him, even by trusting to what He hath done by 
Himself, in the days of His flesh, and suffered when 
He did hang on the tree. I asked him further, how 
that man's righteousness could be of that efficacy 
to justify another before God? And he told me He 
was the mighty God, and did what He did, and died 
the death also, not for Himself, but for me ; to whom 
His doings, and the worthiness of them, should be 
imputed, if I believed on Him. 

Christian. And what did you then? 

Hopeful. I made my objections against my be- 
lieving, for that I thought He was not willing to 
save me. 

Christian. And what said Faithful to you then? 

Hopeful. He bid me go to Him and see. Then I 
said it was presumption; but he said, No, for I was 
invited to come. Then he gave me a book of Jesus, 
His inditing, to encourage me the more freely to 
come; and he said, concerning that book, that 
every jot and tittle thereof stood firmer than heaven 
and earth. Then I asked him, What I must do 
when I came; and he told me, I must entreat upon 
my knees, with all my heart and soul, the Father 
to reveal Him to me. Then I asked him further, 
how I must make my supplication to Him? And 
he said. Go, and thou shalt find Him upon a mercy- 



176 THE PILORUrS PROGRESS. 

seat, where He sits all the year long, to give pardon 
and forgiveness to them that come. I told him 
that I knew not what to say when I came. And 
he bid me say to this effect : God be merciful to me 
a sinner, and make me to know and believe in Jesus 
Christ ; for I see, that if His righteousness had not 
been, or I have not faith in that righteousness, I 
am utterly cast away. Lord, I have heard that 
Thou art a merciful God, and hast ordained that 
Thy Son Jesus Christ should be the Saviour of the 
world; and moreover, that Thou art willing to be- 
stow Him upon such a poor sinner as I am (and I 
am a sinner indeed); Lord, take therefore this op- 
portunity, and magnify Thy grace in the salvation 
of my soul, through Thy Son Jesus Christ. Amen. 

Christian. And did you do as you were bidden? 

Hopeful. Yes; over, and over, and over. 

Christian. And did the Father reveal his Son to 
you? 

Hopeful. Not at the first, nor second, nor third, 
nor fourth, nor fifth; no, nor at the sixth time 
neither. 

Christian. What did you do then? 

Hopeful. What ! why I could not tell what to do. 

Christian. Had you not thoughts of leaving off 
praying? 

Hopeful. Yes ; an hundred times twice told. 

Christian. And what was the reason you did not? 

Hopeful. I believed that that was true which had 
been told me, to wit, that without the righteousness 
of this Christ all the world could not save me ; and 




ONE OF THE KING'S TRUMPETERS. 



178 THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 

therefore, thought I with myself, if I leave off I die, 
and I can hut die at the throne of grace. And 
withal, this came into my mind : Though it tarry, 
wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not 
tarry. So I continued praying until the Father 
showed me His Son. 

Christian. And how was He revealed unto you? 

Hopeful. I did not see Him with my bodily eyes, 
but with the ej^es of my understanding ; and thus 
it was: One day I was very sad, I think sadder 
than at any one time in my life, and this sadness 
was through a fresh sight of the greatness and 
vileness of my sins. And as I was then looking for 
nothing but hell, and the everlasting damnation of 
my soul, suddenly, as I thought, I saw the Lord 
Jesus Christ look down from heaven upon me, and 
saying, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou 
shalt be saved. But I replied, Lord, I am a great, 
a very great sinner. And He answered. My grace 
is sufficient for thee. Then I said. But, Lord, what 
is believing? And then I saw from that saying. 
He that cometh to Me shall never hunger, and he 
that believeth on Me shall never thirst, that believ- 
ing and coming was all one; and that he that came, 
that is, ran out in his heart and affections after 
salvation by Christ, he indeed believed in Christ. 
Then the water stood in mine eyes, and I asked 
further: But, Lord, may such a great sinner as I 
am be indeed accepted of Thee, and be saved by 
Thee? And I heard Him say. And him that cometh 
to me, I will in no wise cast out. Then I said, But 



THE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 179 

how, Lord, must I consider of Thee in my coming 
to Thee, that my faith may be placed aright upon 
Thee? Then He said, Christ Jesus came into the 
world to save sinners. He is the end of the law for 
righteousness to every one that believeth. He died 
for our sins, and rose again for our justification. 
He loved us, and washed us from our sins in His 
own blood. He is mediator betwixt God and us. 
He ever liveth to make intercession for us. From 
all which I gathered, that I must look for right- 
eousness in His person, and for satisfaction for my 
sins by His blood ; that what He did in obedience to 
His Father's law, and in submitting to the penalty 
thereof, was not for Himself, but for him that 
will accept it for his salvation, and be thankful. 
And now was my heart full of joy, mine eyes 
full of tears, and mine affections running over 
with love to the name, people, and ways of Jesus 
Christ. 

Christian. This was a revelation of Christ to 
your soul indeed ; but tell me what effect this had 
upon your spirit. 

Hopeful. It made me see that all the world, not- 
withstanding all the righteousness thereof, is in a 
state of condemnation. Ifc made me see that God 
the Father, though He be just, can justly justify 
the coming sinner. It made me greatly ashamed 
of the vileness of my former life, and confounded 
me with the sense of mine own ignorance; for there 
never came thought into my heart before now that 
showed me so the beauty of Jesus Christ. It made 



180 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

me love a holy life, and long to do something for 
the honor and glory of the name of the Lord Jesus ; 
yea, I thought that had I now a thousand gallons 
of blood in my body, I could spill it all for the sake 
of the Lord Jesus, 

I saw then in my dream that Hopeful looked 
back and saw Ignorance, whom they had left be- 
hind, coming after. Look, said he to Christian, 
how far yonder youngster loitereth behind. 

Christian. Ay, ay, I see him ; he careth not for 
our company. 

Hopeful. But I trow it would not have hurt him, 
had he kept pace with us hitherto. 

Christian. That is true; but, I warrant you, he 
thinketh otherwise. 

Hopeful. That, I think, he doth ; but, however, 
let us tarry for him. So they did. 

Then Christian said to him. Come away, man; 
why do you stay so behind? 

Ignorance. I take my pleasure in walking alone, 
even more a great deal than in company, unless I 
like it the better. 

Then said Christian to Hopeful (but softly). Did 
I not tell you he cared not for our company? But, 
however, said he, come up, and let us talk away 
the time in this solitary place. Then directing his 
speech to Ignorance, he said. Come, how do you? 
How stands it between God and your soul now? 

Ignorance. I hope well ; for I am always full of 
good motions, that come into my mind, to comfort 
me as I walk. 



TEE PILGRUrS PROGRESS. 181 

So I saw in my dream that they went on apace 
before, and Ignorance he came hobbling after. 
Then said Christian to his companion, It pities me 
much for this poor man ; it will certainly go ill with 
him at last. 

Hopeful. Alas ! there are abundance in our town 
in his condition, whole families, yea, whole streets, 
and that of pilgrims, too; and if there be so many 
in our parts, how many, think you, must there be 
m the place where he was born? 

Christian. Indeed, the Word saith, He hath 
blinded their eyes, lest they should see, etc. But 
now we are by ourselves, what do you think of such 
men? Have they at no time, think you, convic- 
tions of sin, and so consequently fears that their 
state is dangerous? 

Now I saw in my dream, that by this time the 
pilgrims were got over the Enchanted Ground and 
entering into the country of Beulah, whose air was 
very sweet and pleasant; the way lying directly 
through it, they solaced themselves there for a 
season. Yea, here they heard continually the sing- 
ing of birds, and saw every day the flowers appear 
in the earth, and heard the voice of the turtle in the 
land. In this country the sun shineth night and 
day ; wherefore this was beyond the Valley of the 
Shadow of Death, and also out of the reach of Giant 
Despair, neither could they from this place so much 
as see Doubting Castle. Here they were within 
sight of the city they were going to, also here met 
them some of the inhabitants thereof; for in this 



182 TEE PILGRBrS PROGRESS. 

land the Shining Ones commonly walked, because 
it was upon the borders of heaven. In this land 
also, the contract between the bride and the bride- 
groom was renewed ; yea, here, As the bridegroom 
rejoiceth over the bride, so did their God rejoice 
over them. Here they had no want of corn and 
wine; for in this place they met with abundance of 
what they had sought for in all their pilgrimage. 
Here they heard voices from out of the city, loud 
voices, saying, Say ye to the daughter of Zion, Be- 
hold, thy salvation cometh ! Behold, his reward is 
with him ! Here all the inhabitants of the country 
called them. The holy jjeople, The Eedeemed of the 
Lord, Sought out, etc. 

Now, as they walked in this land, they had more 
rejoicing than in parts more remote from the king- 
dom to which they were bound; and, drawing near 
to the city, they had yet a more perfect view thereof. 
It was builded of pearls and precious stones, also 
the street thereof was paved with gold ; so that by 
reason of the natural glory of the city, and the 
reflection of the sunbeams upon it. Christian with 
desire fell sick; Hopeful also had a fit or two of the 
same disease. Wherefore, here they la}^ by it a 
while, crying out, because of their pangs, If ye find 
my beloved, tell him that I am sick of love. 

But, being a little strengthened, and better able 
to bear their sickness, they walked on their way, 
and came 3'et nearer and nearer, where were or- 
chards, vine3"ards, and gardens, and their gates 
opened into the highway. Now, as they came up 



THE PILGimi'S PBOGRESS. 183 

to these places, behold the gardener stood in the 
way, to whom the Pilgrims said, Whose goodly 
vinej^ards and gardens are these? He answered, 
They are the King's, and are planted here for His 
own delight, and also for the solace of pilgrims. 
So the gardener had them into the vineyards, and 
bid them refresh themselves with the dainties. He 
also showed them there the King's walks, and the 
arbors where He delighted to be; and here they 
tarried and slept. 

Now I beheld in my dream, that they talked more 
in their sleep at this time than ever they did in all 
their journey; and being in a muse thereabout, the 
gardener said even to me, Wherefore musest thou 
at the matter? It is the nature of the fruit of 
the grapes of these vineyards to go down so sweet- 
ly as to cause the lips of them that are asleep to 
speak. 

So I saw that when they awoke, they addressed 
themselves to go up to the city; but, as I said, the 
reflection of the sun upon the city — for the city was 
pure gold — was so extremely glorious, that they 
could not, as yet, with open face behold it, but 
through an instrument made for that purpose. So 
I saw, that as they went on, there met them two 
men, in raiment that shone like gold; also their 
faces shone as the light. 

These men asked the Pilgrims whence they came ; 
and they told them. They also asked them where 
they had lodged, what difficulties and dangers, what 
comforts and pleasures, they had met in the way; 



184 THE PlLGRUl'S PROGRESS. 

and they told them. Then said the men that met 
them, You have but two difficulties more to meet 
with, and then you are in the city. 

Christian and his companion asked the men to go 
along with them ; so they told them they would. 
But, said they, you must obtain it by your own 
faith. So I saw in my dream that they went on 
together, until they came in sight of the gate. 

Now, I further saw, that betwixt them and the 
gate was a river, but there was no bridge to go 
over: the river was very deep. At the sight, 
therefore, of this river, the pilgrims were much 
stunned ; but the men that went with them said, 
You must go through, or you cannot come at the 
gate. 

The pilgrims then began to inquire if there was 
no other way to the gate; to which they answered, 
Yes; but there hath not any, save two, to wit, 
Enoch and Elijah, been permitted to tread that 
path, since the foundation of the world, nor shall, 
until the last trumpet shall sound. The pilgrims 
then, especially Christian, began to despond in their 
minds, and looked this way and that, but no way 
could be found by them, by which they might escape 
the river. Then they asked the men if the waters 
were all of a depth, They said, No ; yet they could 
not help them in that case ; for, said they, you shall 
find it deeper or shallower as you believe in the King 
of the place. 

They then addressed themselves to the water; 
and entering. Christian began to sink, and crying 



TEE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 185 

out to his good friend Hopeful, he said, I sink in 
deep waters; the billows go over my head, all His 
waves go oyer me ! Selah. 

Then said the other, Be of good cheer, my brother, 
I feel the bottom, and it is good. Then said Chris- 
tian, Ah ! my friend, the sorrows of death have 
compassed me about ; I shall not see the land that 
flows with milk and honey ; and with that a great 
darkness and horror fell upon Christian, so that he 
could not see before him. Also here he in great 
measure lost his senses, so that he could neither re- 
member, nor orderly talk of any of those sweet re- 
freshments that he had met with in the way of his 
pilgrimage. But all the words that he spake till 
tended to discover that he had horror of mind, and 
heart fears that he should die in that river, and 
never obtain entrance in at the gate. Here also, 
as they that stood by perceived, he was much in the 
troublesome thoughts of the sins that he had com- 
mitted, both since and before he began to be a pil- 
grim. It was also observed that he was troubled 
with apparitions of hobgoblins and evil spirits, for 
ever and anon he would intimate so much bywords. 
Hopeful, therefore, here had much ado to keep his 
brother's head above water; yea, sometimes he 
would be quite gone down, and then, ere a while, 
he would rise up again half dead. Hopeful also 
would endeavor to comfort him, saying, Brother, I 
see the gate, and men standing by to receive us; 
but Christian would answer. It is you, it is you 
they wait for; you have been Hopeful ever since I 



186 THE PlLGRUrS PROGRESS. 

knew you. And so have you, said he to Christian. 
Ah, brother ! said he, surely if I was right he would 
now rise to help me ; but for my sins he hath brought 
me into the snare, and hath left me. Then said 
Hopeful, My brother, you have quite forgot the text 
where it is said of the wicked, There are no bands 
in their death, but their strength is firm. They are 
not in trouble as other men, neither are they plagued 
like other men. These troubles and distresses that 
you go through in these waters are no sign that 
God hath forsaken you ; but are sent to try you, 
whether you will call to mind that which hereto- 
fore you have received of His goodness, and live 
upon Him in your distresses. 

Then I saw in my dream that Christian was in a 
muse a while. To whom also Hopeful added this 
word. Be of good cheer. Jesus Christ maketh thee 
whole; and with that Christian brake out with a 
loud voice. Oh ! I see him again, and He tells me, 
When thou passest through the waters, I will be 
with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not 
overflow thee. Then they both took courage, and 
the enemy was after that as still as a stone, until 
they were gone over. Christian therefore presently 
found ground to stand upon, and so it followed that 
the rest of the river was but shallow. Thus they 
got over. Now, upon the bank of the river, on the 
other side, they saw the two shining men again, 
who there waited for them ; wherefore, being come 
out of the river, they saluted them, saying. We are 
ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for those 



TEE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 187 

that shall be heirs of salvation. Thus they went 
along towards the gate. 

Now you must note that the city stood upon a 
mighty hill, but the pilgrims went up that hill with 
ease, because they had these two men to lead them 
up by the arms ; also, they had left their mortal 
garments behind them in the river, for though they 
went in with them, they came out without them. 
They, therefore, went up here with much agility 
and speed, though the foundation upon which the 
city was framed was higher than the clouds. They 
therefore went up through the regions of the air, 
sweetly talking as they went, being comforted, be- 
cause they safely got over the river, and had such 
glorious companions to attend them. 

The talk they had with the Shining Ones was 
about the glory of the place ; who told them that 
the beaut}' and glory of it was inexpressible. There, 
said they, is the Mount Zion, the heavenly Jeru- 
salem, the innumerable company of angels, and the 
spirits of just men made perfect. You are going 
now, said they, to the Paradise of God, wherein you 
shall see the tree of life, and eat of the never-fading 
fruits thereof; and when you come there, you shall 
have white robes given you, and your walk and talk 
shall be every day with the King, even all the days 
of eternity. There you shall not see again such 
things as you saw when you were in the lower 
region upon the earth, to wit, sorrow, sickness, 
affliction, and death, for the former things are 
passed away. You are now going to Abraham, to 



188 TEE PlLORUrS PROGRESS. 

Isaac, and Jacob, and to the prophets — men that 
God hath taken away from the evil to come, and 
that are now resting upon their beds, each one 
walking in his righteousness. The man then asked, 
What must we do in the holy place? To whom it 
was answered. You must there receive the comforts 
of all your toil, and have joy for all your sorrow ; 
you must reap what you have sown, even the fruit 
of all your prayers, and tears, and sufferings for 
the King by the way. In that place you must wear 
crowns of gold, and enjoy the perpetual sight and 
vision of the Holy One, for there you shall see Him 
as He is. There also you shall serve Him continually 
with praise, with shouting, and thanksgiving, whom 
you desired to serve in the world, though with much 
difficulty, because of the infirmity of your flesh. 
There your eyes shall be delighted with seeing, and 
your ears w^ith hearing the pleasant voice of the 
Mighty One. There you shall enjoy your friends 
again, that are gone thither before you ; and there 
you shall with joy receive even every one that fol- 
lows into the holy place after you. There also shall 
you be clothed with glory and majesty, and put 
into an equipage fit to ride out with the King of 
Glory. When He shall come with sound of trumpet 
in the clouds, as upon the wings of the wind, you 
shall come .with Him ; and when He shall sit upon 
the throne of judgment, you shall sit by Him ; yea, 
and when He shall pass sentence upon all the work- 
ers of iniquity, let them be angels or men, you also 
shall have a voice in that judgment, because they 







i-m. -^ir .III 




CUNORANCE CAST OL T. 



190 THE PILGliUrS PBOGBESS. 

were His and your enemies. Also, when He shall 
again return to the city, you shall go too, with 
sound of trumpet, and be ever with Him. 

While they were drawing toward the gate, a 
company of the heavenly host came to meet them ; 
to whom it was said, by the other two Shining 
Ones, These are the men that have loved our Lord 
when they were in the world, and that have left all 
for His holy name ; and He hath sent us to fetch 
them, that they may go in and look their Redeemer 
in the face with joy. Then the heavenly host gave 
a great shout, saying. Blessed are they which are 
called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb. 
Then there came out several of the King's trumpet- 
ers, clothed in white and shining raiment, who, with 
melodious noises, made even the heavens to echo 
with their sound. These trumpeters saluted Chris- 
tian and his fellow with ten thousand welcomes 
from the world ; and this they did with shouting, 
and sound of trumpet. 

Then I saw in my dream that the Shining Men 
bid them call at the gate; the which, when they 
did, some looked from above over the gate, to wit, 
Enoch, Moses, and Elijah, etc., to whom it was 
said. These pilgrims are come from the City of De- 
struction, for the love that they bear to the King of 
this place; and then the pilgrims gave in unto 
them each man his certificate, which they had re- 
ceived in the beginning; those, therefore, were car- 
ried in to the King, who, when He had read them, 
said. Where are the men? To whom it was an- 



^107 



THE PILGPilM 'S PROGRESS. 191 

swered, They are standing without the gate. The 
King then commanded to open the gate, That the 
righteous nation, said He, which keepeth the truth 
may enter in. 

Now I saw in my dream that these two men went 
in at the gate: and lo, as they entered, they were 
transfigured, and they had raiment put on that 
shone like gold. There was also that met them 
with harps and crowns, and gave them to them — 
the harps to praise withal, and the crowns in token 
of honor. Then I heard in my dream that all the 
bells in the city rang again for joy, and that it was 
said unto them, Enter ye into the joy of your 
Lord. I also heard the men themselves, that they 
sang with a loud voice, saying, Blessing, and 
honor, and glory, and power, be unto him 
that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the 
Lamb, for ever and ever. 

Now, just as the gates were opened to let in the 
men, I looked in after them, and, behold, the City 
shone like the sun ; the streets also were paved with 
gold, and in them walked many men, with crowns 
on their heads, palms in their hands, and golden 
harps to sing praises withal. 

There were also of them that had wings, and they 
answered one another without intermission, saying. 
Holy, holy, holy is the Lord. And after that they 
shut up the gates; which, when I had seen, I 
wished myself among them. 

Now while I was gazing upon all these things, I 
turned my head to look back, and saw Ignorance 



192 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

come up to the river side ; but he soon got over, and 
that without half that difficulty which the other 
two men met with. For it happened that there 
was then in that place, one Vain-hope a ferryman, 
that with his boat helped him over; so he, as the 
other 1 saw, did ascend the hill, to come up to the 
gate, only he came alone ; neither did any man meet 
him with the least encouragement. When he was 
come up to the gate, he looked up to the writing 
that was above, and then began to knock, suppos- 
ing that entrance should have been quickly admin- 
istered to him ; but he was asked by the men that 
looked over the top of the gate, Whence came you? 
and what would you have? He answered, I have 
eat and drank in the presence of the King, and He 
has taught in our streets. Then they asked him 
for his certificate, that they might go in and show 
it to the King ; so he fumbled in his bosom for one, 
and found none. Then they said. Have you none? 
But the man answered never a word. So they told 
the King, but he would not come down to see him, 
but commanded the two Shining Ones that con- 
ducted Christian and Hopeful to the City, to go out 
and take Ignorance, and bind him hand and foot, 
and have him away. Then they took him up, and 
carried him through the air, to the door that I saw 
in the side of the hill, and put him in there. Then 
I saw that there was a way to hell, even from the 
gates of heaven, as well as from the City of De- 
struction. So I awoke, and behold it was a dream ! 

End. 



















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